CIVIL WAR STUDY GUIDE

Matching

• Martial Law- the law temporarily imposed upon an area by state or national military forces when civil authority has broken down or during wartime military operations.
• Habeas Corpus-the right to trial before being jailed

CONtinued

• Inflation-a rise in prices due to currency losing its value
• Battle of Shiloh-battle near the Tennessee River that lasted two days
• Battle of Chancellorsville-battle where Stonewall Jackson was fired upon and mortally wounded by his own men.

This is the the last one

• Battle of Fredericksburg-battle with nearly 200,000 combatants, resulted in Confederate victory.

Northern advantages

• larger populations
• more industries
• better banking system
• more ships
• 21,000 miles of railroad
• Abraham Lincoln

Northern Weaknesses

• lacked military leadership
• Many great leaders retired and moved to the south

Southern Advantages

• great military leadership
• whites in south supported the war
• war was mostly fought in the south
• defensive war

Southern Disadvantages

• smaller populations
• fewer factories and food to support army
• not much railroad to move troops and supplies
• insufficient economy

Union Victories

• Gettysburg
• Antietam
• New Orleans
• Jackson
• Memphis

COnfederate Victories

• Fredericksburg
• Bull Run
• Chancellorsville
• Harpers Ferry
• Petersburg

Union war goal

• At the beginning of the Civil War, Lincoln stated that the war was simply about keeping the Union together.
• Later, Lincoln stated the war was about slavery all along via the Emancipation Proclamation.

Early BAttles

• Fort Sumter
• Bull Run
• Shiloh
• Antietam
• New Orleans (capture)

South's Economic Problems

• To raise money for the war, the confederate government ordered farmers to hand over 1/10 of their crops to the war effort.
• The south ended up printing so much paper money that $1 was worth two cents in gold.

Lives of soldiers

• Early on, northern soldiers thought they would be dying in a heroic way to "save the Union". However, twice as many soldiers died from disease than from bullets, bayonets, and cannons combined.

CoNtInUeD

• Soldiers often had little food, no beds, and had small, thin shelters made of cloth.
• Confederacy faced very hard problems with rations and transportation.

Successful Strategies (south)

• Early on, the south's strategy to scream and then charge at the Union soldier with bayonets often scared them and made them retreat.
• The south often simply waited for the north to attack and then fight them off, thus fighting a defensive war.

Successful strategies (north)

• Grant's usage of total war ruined the south completely. As Union armies went through southern towns, they'd rip up railroads, burn houses and factories, and slaughter livestock.
• "Total war" ruined the south's economy and ability to fight.

Effects of emancipation proclamation

• The Civil War was now apparently based on slavery.
• All slaves in the southern states were to be freed.
• England and France would no longer recognize the Confederacy as an independant nation as their economy relied completely on slavery.

Contributions of slaves

• Slaves were forced to work harder in order to supply the army.
• Some slaves were going to be put on the battlefield, but by the time the war ended none ever did.

Nursing and medical care

• Limbs were often amputated.
• At first, most nurses were also soldiers.
• Women later became nurses in the Civil War.
• Dirty tools caused infection.

The war draft caused an outrage in the north. Citizens rioted and attacked free blacks and rich men who payed $300 to avoid serving in the war.

Results of CIvil war

• All slaves were freed.
• Slavery was now forever illegal.
• The Union was restored.

Opprotunities for women

• Women became nurses on the battlefield
• Women worked extra on farms and in factories to make up for the loss of men working.

Farmers loathed the draft law in the south. Rich farmers with 20 slaves or more were not forced to serve in the war, which caused poor farmers to outrage.

Lincoln's plane for peace

• In 1863, Lincoln tried to devise a plan that would shorten the war.
• It was the 10% plan.