The first 3 caliphs

First caliph after Muhammad?

Second caliph after Muhammad?

Third caliph after Muhammad?

Friend of Muhammad

Muhammad's son-in-law

Converted LATER to Islam

Accused of favoritism

Converted EARLY to Islam

Expanded the use of jihad

Put the Qu'ran together and made sure it would be read in Arabic.

Created more structure in administration (taxes, education and police)

Faced 2 problems: false prophets and tribes leaving the ummah.

Murdered by Egyptian rebels (started the open religious/political conflict)

Expanded the ummah into Persia and Byzantine Empires.

Expanded the ummah into Arabia, Iraq, West Persia, Syria, Palestine and N. Africa.

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Abu Bakr

• 1st caliph after Muhammad
• Friend of Muhammad
• Converted EARLY to Islam
• Faced 2 problems: false prophets and tribes leaving ummah
• Expanded the ummah into Persia and Byzantine empires

Umar

• 2nd caliph after Muhammad
• Expanded Ummah into Arabia, Iraq, W. Persia, Syria, etc...
• Converted LATER to Islam
• Expanded the use of jihad
• Created more structure in admin (taxes, edu and police)

Uthman

• Muhammad's son-in-law
• Put the Qu'ran together and made sure it is always read in Arabic
• Accused of favoritism
• Murdered by Egyptian rebels- started the open religious/poltical conflict
• 3rd caliph after Muhammad