Era 1 Vocab List

exploration

• the action of traveling in or through an unfamiliar area in order to learn about it.

Columbian Exchange

• named after Christopher Colombus
• widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, diseases, ideas, and more

settlement

• a place where people establish a community
• settlements are mostly established in places no one else has touched

expansion

• extension of a state's territory
• pursued as a political strategy

route

• a way or course taken in order to get from one place to another

colonies

• countries or areas under full or partial political control of a foreign country

trade

• the process of buying and selling goods and services

culture

• customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or grou

hemisphere

• means half of the earth
• comes from the greek words "hemi" and "sphaira"

Henry Hudson

• English sea explorer and navigator known for exploring present-day Canada and parts of the northeastern United States

Age of Discovery

• an informal and loosely defined term for the early modern period from the start of the 15th century to around the end of the 17th

Spanish Armada

• Habsburg Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from Corunna in late May 1588 to escort an army to invade England

Amerigo Vespucci

• an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator
• the term "America" comes from this nam

Juan Ponce de Leon

• Spanish explorer and conquistador known for leading the first European expedition to Florida
• was the first governer of Puerto Rico

Ferdinand Magellan

• Portuguese explorer who organized the Spanish expedition to the East Indies resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth

Christopher Columbus

• Italian explorer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic ocean
• opened the way for European exploration and colonization of the Americas

Treaty of Tordesillas

• agreement between Portugal and Spain to set conflicts over newly discovered lands
• lands explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th century explorers were conflicted

Encomienda System

• Spanish labor system that rewarded conquerors with labor of particular groups of conquered non-Christian people

printing press

• a machine for printing text or pictures from type or plates

Hernán Cortés

• Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire

Francisco Pizarro

• Spanish Conquistador known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of Peru

Hernando de Soto

• Spanish explorer and conquistador involved in expeditions in Nicaragua and the Yucatán Peninsula
• Played an important role in Pizarro's conquest of the Inca Empire

Giovanni de Verrazzano

• Florentine explorer of North America, in service of King Francis I of France
• renowned as the first European to explore the Atlantic coast of North America between Florida and New Brunswick

Jacques Cartier

• French-Breton maritime explorer for France
• first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and shores of the Saint Lawrence River

Samuel de Champlain

• French colonist, navigator, cartographer, draftsman, soldier, explorer, and more
• made between 21 and 29 trips across the Atlantic Ocean, and founded Quebec and New France

John Cabot

• Italian navigator and explorer
• his 1497 voyage to coast of North America under commission of Henry VII of England is the earliest known European exploration of coastal North America

John Hawkins

• English naval commander and administrator
• privateer and early promoter of English involement in the slave trade

Francis Drake

• English sea captain, privateer, naval officer, slaver, and explorer
• known for single circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition

Sir Walter Raleigh

• English landed gentleman, writer, poet, soldier, spy, explorer, and more
• also well known for popularising tobacco in England