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Slide Notes

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Copia di Computer Hardware

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Photo by 【J】

Hardware is the part of the computer that you can touch like keyboard, hard drive and so on.

Photo by Andrew Vicars

Software consists of the Operating System and Applications.

There are four categories of Hardware:
Processing
Storage
Input
Output

Photo by Leo Reynolds

PROCESSING HARDWARE
They are devices that allow you to process information
Like:
CPU
GPU
Motherboard

STORAGE HARDWARE
They are devices that allow you to store information
Like:
HARD DISK
RAM/VRAM
CD/DVD/Blue-Ray
Flash Drive

INPUT DEVICES
They are devices that allow you to put data into your computers.
Like:
Keyboard
Mouse
Gamepad
Nic
Touchscreen
Scanner

Photo by michaelnugent

Output
They are devices that allow you to get information out of the computer.
Like:
Monitor
Printer
Sound/Video Card

Photo by Andrew*

Miscellaneous are: case and power supply

PROCESSING
Processing is the reason why computers are computers.
It's the ability of the computer to take in raw data and to make sense of it. The primary processor is known as CPU: it's the brain of the pc. There could be more than one CPU. There are also structures that help the CPU to do their job.
Computers think in series of 0 and 1.
There are two main companies that produce CPU: Intel and Amd

IC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Integrated circuits connect transistors and other electronic components on chips of semiconductor materials.

MOTHERBOARD
It connects all the devices.
It's a printed circuit board.

Photo by Tom Held

STORAGE
Storage is the ability of a device to retain data either temporarily or permanently. "Permanent" means that the information is still there, after you turn off the computer. The hardware is where the information is usually stored on a PC. The majority of hard disk are magnetic storage device: they store data magnetically on individuals disks.

Photo by P^2 - Paul

Underside a hard disk you can notice a printed circuit board: that is where the information is transmitted and coordinated between the hard disk and the Processor.

Usually hard disk dies, you'd better make a backup if you don't want to lose your data.

You can use an external hard disk or you can store your information online.

If you're going to throw away your PC, pay attention because in your PC there is the hard disk that contains information about you. There is a great and free solution: DBAN that is a free software that wipes your information and then you can take a hammer and break the hard disk in small pieces.

Photo by James Bowe

Another type of hard disk is SSD (Solid State Drive). It hasn't got any moving internal parts and it uses solid state memory chips (like a flash drive).
There are good and bad news about SSD.
Good news: it's quiet, resistant to shock, thinner than traditional hard disks, creates less heat.
Bad news: its higher cost.

RAM
(Random Access Memory)
When the power goes off, the RAM is wiped. More RAM means faster computing. Memory is different from storage. When you buy a PC you have to look at how much storage space it has, terabyte to terabyte. To know how much RAM your PC can have, you can look at something called Crucial.com that tells you how much RAM you can have.

OPTICAL DISKS/ DRIVES

Examples of removable storage are: CD, DVD, blue ray disks. A laser witch projects a concentrated beam of light towards the disks. If the laser is reflected it hits a land (flat surface) and reads it as a 1, if it's absorbed, it reads it as a 0.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CD DVD AND BLUE-RAY
It has to do with the size of the laser. CD laser is bigger then DVD laser. The blue ray laser is more precise. You can use blue ray laser to read DVDs an CDs but you can't read blue ray disks with CD or DVD laser.
If you can't open the drive to take the CD off you can open it with a paperclip! Just put the paperclip in the little pin hole near the drive.

ROM
(Read Only Memory)
It's a special type of RAM. It doesn't need electricity to keep its information. It's no longer just read only: now It's called firmware and you can update your firmware.
There are different types of ROM:
PROM (Programmable ROM)
EPROM(Erasable PROM)
EEPROM(Electrical EPROM)
Flash Memory.

INPUT DEVICES

Input is how information gets into the pc. There are many types of input devices, like keyboard, mouse and Touch Screen.
Keyboard: It's the most common input device. Many of them are QWERTY but there are AZERTY for France.

Mouse: The first PCs didn’t have the mouse.

Scanner: It allows you to take hardcopy and turn it into softcopy. When you buy a scanner you have to consider :
Your budget
Your need
The scanner resolution (dpi)

OUTPUT DEVICES

Output is how computer gives us the information. There are many types of output devices, like monitor, display/video adapter, printer, audio device/sound card, modem and NIC.

Monitor: This is the primary output device. There are two types of monitor: CRT (cathode ray tube) and LCD (liquid crystal display).

Display/Video Adapters: This component can be integrated. It allows computer to create visual output.

Printer: This is an output device that delivers hardcopy. There are several types of printers on the market: the most common are Ink Jet and Laser Printer.

Audio Device/Sound Card: It allows the PC to create audio output.

Modem: It allows the PC to make calls and to surf the net. It takes the digital signals and turns them into analog signals.
NIC: It allows to connect the PC to a network cable.

...and more...


There is the case that is the shell where all the internal components are housed.
Power Supply: It takes AC voltage into DC power required for the internal pc components