The Microscope and Cell Types
Published on Apr 27, 2016
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The Microscope and Cell Types
Cells are so small, how do we know about their structure?
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Parts of a Microscope
- Eyepiece
- Objectives
- Stage
- Base and arm
- Fine and Course Adjustment
- Light Source
Microscope Functions
Higher Magnification == More detail
Calculating Magnification
- Multiply the power of the eyepiece by the power of the objective
Examples
- If the eyepiece magnification is 10X and the objective is 40X, then the total magnification is 10 x 40 = 400X
Special Types of Microscopes
- SEM and TEM
- Both use beams of electrons
- Show more detail than a compound microscope
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Types of Cells
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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Prokaryotes
- No true nucleus
- No membrane-bound organelles
- Smaller and simpler than eukaryotes
- Contain ribosomes
- Bacteria are examples
- DNA is circular (plasmid)
Eukaryotes
- DNA found in the nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles, etc)
- Ribosomes
- More complex and larger than prokaryotes
- All plants, animals, protists, and fungi are made of eukaryotic cells
Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Plant and Animal
Plant Cell
- Cell Wall
- Chloroplast
- One Large Vacuole
- Typically Rectangular in Shape
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Animal Cell
- No cell wall
- No chloroplast
- One or more smaller vacuoles
- Spherical in shape
