Introduction to social work

Published on Aug 18, 2023

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Introduction to social work

Dr Leeda Copley
Photo by Miguel Bruna

course expectations

syllabus, text, d2l, empathy & respect

trigger warning

Photo by MIOPS Trigger

Life happens game

each thursday (except today!)

social work: a helping profession

Chapter 1

definition of social work

from IFSW and IASSW
Photo by theilr

personal troubles vs. public issues

Photo by Timon Studler

interplay between needs & strengths

Photo by Amelism

what is social justice?

what are human rights? can they be taken away?
Photo by Steve Johnson

4 purposes of social work

Photo by dmitryzhkov

social welfare

residual or institutional?
Photo by Trey Ratcliff

Is Sesame Street part of the "social welfare" institution?

Photo by jbcurio

fields of practice

occupational outlook
Photo by Sean Pollock

empowerment

Photo by Zoe

an evolving profession

chapter 2
Photo by _jjph

1879 National Conference of Charities & Correction

Photo by mira66

1877 first US Charity Organization Society

aftermath of civil war - "friendly visitors"
Photo by Marion Doss

Mary Richmond's works

but what about race?
Photo by Hannah Busing

settlement house movement

Samuel Barnett, Julia Lathrop, Jane Addams

but what about race (again)?

Ida Wells Barnett, George Haynes, Lugenia Burns Hope, etc
Photo by Annie Spratt

social work as profession

  • early 1900s - social casework
  • 1920s - psychoanalysis & mental hygiene
  • 1930s - public welfare movement
  • 1940s & 50s - group work & community organizing
  • 1950s - dual perspective

continued...

  • 1960s - social reform
  • 1970s & 80s - social systems & ecological perspective
  • 1990s - human rights & social justice internationally
  • 2000s on - evidence-based practice, competency-based social work education

bertha capen reynolds

client involvement & political action
Photo by Luke Michael

Hollis-Taylor Report

helping, social, liaison 
Photo by Brandi Redd

"Is Social Work a profession?"

Photo by Marvin Meyer

common base of social work practice

skills, values, knowledge base

12 professional tenets

Photo by Joe Parks

social work & social systems

chapter 3
Photo by Christin Hume

direct vs indirect services

general systems theory + ecology =

ECOSYSTEMS perspective
Photo by Didssph

social systems perspective

subsystems, environments, open & closed boundaries

a bit about transactions

input, processing, output, feedback

person:environment

general systems approach

what generalist social workers do
Photo by Debby Hudson

eco-map

a powerful assessment tool to id resources & constraints
Photo by Tamanna Rumee

A reminder about human rights, privilege, & culture

ecology's obsession with "fit"

Photo by Ben Hershey

social functioning

effective, at-risk, difficult
Photo by Mike Hindle

case finding as outreach?

Photo by uncoolbob

environmental press

client systems

macro, mezzo/meso, micro
Photo by Deon Black

generalist methods

casework, group work, community organization 

the Social Service delivery system

chapter 4
Photo by YaYapas

agencies vs. associations

public vs. private (voluntary, NGO)
Photo by kevin dooley

primary vs. host

Photo by moren hsu

sectarian vs. nonsectarian

Photo by Aaron Burden

NON-PROFIT VS. For-profit

independent practice

license, certified, registered according to state laws
Photo by Tim Gouw

Geography & jurisdiction

84% metropolitan/urban, 10% micropolitan, 6% rural

funding of services

  • federal & state (grant RFPs)
  • all other grants (watch out for in-kind contributions)
  • community funds (taxes & gifts)
  • endowments
  • fees-for-service
  • insurance (third-party payment, cost-containment)

purchase of service contracts

public agencies contract nonprofits & for-profits per unit
Photo by Great Beyond

Staffing patterns

professionals, paraprofessionals, volunteers
Photo by Tim Gouw

what about self-help groups?

mutual-aid groups
Photo by Kelly Sikkema

what about computers & technology

in service delivery?
Photo by bengrey

what about consumer involvement?

service-user movement, disability rights movement
Photo by EJP Photo

reductions due to policy retrenchment

bureaucratic disentitlement
Photo by theqspeaks

REDUCTIONS DUE TO fiscal RETRENCHMENT

privatization, competitive funding, agency turf, social triage
Photo by Timothy Tan

fragmentation of services

is the way it is the way it has to be?
Photo by jofaber

values & ethics in social work

chapter 5

gentle reminder: social work manifesto

Photo by -Snugg-

value systems

from individual morality to moral imperative for the profession

milford conference, 1920s

sociocultural values & context

social ideologies: humanitarian vs punitive approaches
Photo by mdghty

diversity, civil rights, & isms

in the context of societal authorization

agency values, client values

intersystem vs. intrasystem value conflicts
Photo by Flavio~

what about your personal values

as a social worker?
Photo by Collin Key

NASW Code of ethics

IFSW Statement of Ethical Principles + galper's Radical 
Photo by garrettc

ethical principles

  • acceptance
  • individualization
  • purposeful expression of feelings
  • nonjudgmental attitudes
  • objectivity
  • controlled emotional involvement
  • self-determination

principles, continued

  • access to resources
  • confidentiality
  • accountability
  • empowerment
Photo by kevin turcios

Human rights & social justice

chapter 6
Photo by Sylas Boesten

human rights vs. civil rights

citizen rights

universal declaration of human rights

UNITED NATIONS, 1948
Photo by isriya

three types of human rights

1st gen civil/political, 2nd gen social/economic, 3rd gen collective

RIGHT TO SOCIAL WELFARE

declaration of human rights articles 22-26

3 theories of social justice

libertarianism, utilitarianism, egalitarianism
Photo by markel 2007

so which one do y'all favor?

equaltiy & fairness are part of your professional mandate
Photo by mikecogh

social injustice = isms

prejudice that CERTAIN groups are "lesser"
Photo by Clay Banks

racism

Photo by Vermin Inc

elitism

aka, classism

sexism

Photo by Metziker

heterosexism

Photo by Isi Parente

ageism

Photo by Danie Franco

handicapism

aka, ableism

social darwinism vs. sociology

structural functionalism & conflict theories
Photo by Sander Sammy

just then a psychologist bursts out of the bushes...

blaming the victim & just world beliefs

implications for social work

dehumanization, victimization, learned helplessness

oppression through domination

interpersonal dehumanization

Photo by alisdare1

personal victimization

Photo by Mike Knapek

learned helplessness

Photo by Ennev

opportunities, obstacles, empowerment

responsive environmnets & NASW Code of ethics
Photo by Leo Reynolds

Diversity & Social Work

Chapter 7
Photo by cseeman

cultural diversity

2010 census bureau race categories
Photo by Matheus Viana

privilege & dominance

check your privileges - we all have some
Photo by Jiuck

RESPONSES TO DOMINANCE

acculturation, assimilation, accomodation, rejection, marginality
Photo by Haags Uitburo

intersectionality

multicultural vs. monocultural

multicultural social work practice

cultural competence, cultural humility
Photo by nathangibbs

essential knowledge for multicultural practice

critical theory, critical race theory, standpoint theory
Photo by Daniel Y. Go

critical consciousness

conscientization

dealing with

  • microaggressions
  • microassaults
  • microinsults
  • microinvalidations

racial & ethnic identities

plurality nation; minority-majority crossover in 2020
Photo by Markus Spiske

gender identity

sex vs. gender, transgender
Photo by Kyle

sexual orientation

self-awareness

political social work

with gender & sexual minorities
Photo by Aiden Craver

religious diversity & spirituality

religion vs spirituality, Christian privilege, value issues

Empowerment social work practice

chapter 8
Photo by ccPixs.com

from expert professional

to collaborative partner

1 engagement - dialogue phase

professional relationships, articulate situations, define directions
Photo by deartistzwei

interpersonal skills are key here

EMPATHY, positive regard, respecting difference

action plan, goals & objectives

PREEMPTIVE ACTIONS, referrals

2 assessment - discovery phase

ID strengths, assess resource capabilities, frame solutions
Photo by Brian McGowan

competence clarification

what the heck is competence anyway?
Photo by Belgapixel's

SOCIAL STUDIES, GENOGRAMS, ECO-MAPS

Photo by Scott Akerman

partializing goals

Photo by Mae Mu

3 intervention & evaluation

development phase
Photo by SAO!

how do we activate resources?

creating alliances - natural support networks
Photo by Herve

types of practice evaluation

progress evaluation, outcome assessment, program evaluation
Photo by Mat Napo

social work functions & roles

chapter 9
Photo by recombiner

a generalist approach

consultancy, resource management, education
Photo by emdot

practice, policy & research

at micro, mezzo, macro, & professional levels
Photo by Sam Owoyemi

consultancy

enabler, facilitator, planner (+ colleague/monitor)

resource management

broker/advocate, convener/mediator, activist (+catalyst)

client advocacy vs. cause advocacy

a brief moment to think about
Photo by drl.

education

teacher, trainer, outreach (+scholar)
Photo by Julia Koblitz

information processing vs. staff development

vs. knowledge development strategies
Photo by AbsolutVision

social work & social policy

chapter 10

WHAT IS SOCIAL POLICY?

10 steps
Photo by Trey Ratcliff

social policy as product

program, court decision, administrative policy
Photo by jared

examining policy through analysis

Miley et al. 2017 framework
Photo by timerding

legislative advocacy & lobbying

liberalism, neolib, conservatism, neocon, radicalism
Photo by Nils Stahl

street-level

bureaucracies, bureaucrats, clients
Photo by Mohammadali

practice should inform policy

policy influences practice
Photo by jaremfan

public welfare policy in the 20th

and 21st centuries: genesis to organization

social welfare history

table 10.1

FDR's new deal

entitlements, social security act (1935)
Photo by frankieleon

CATEGORICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

"worthy poor" vs. "unworthy poor"

the great society programs

welfare rights and a "welfare explosion?"

1970s-80s: new federalism

federalized block grants, workfare, welfare reform (1996)
Photo by myglesias

21st century

no child left behind, immigration & affordable care act
Photo by Jon Tyson

contemporary public welfare programs

  • OASDHI
  • TANF (includes Healthy Marriage...)
  • Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
  • Medicare & Medicaid
  • General Assistance (local, county)
  • SNAP
  • Title XX Social Service
Photo by tanakawho

poverty, homelessness, unemployment & CJ

chapter 11
Photo by Editor B

poverty

the other America
Photo by Franco Folini

who ARE THE POOR?

RACE, RURAL/URBAN, SIZE, GENDER, MOTIVATION
Photo by swainboat

absolute vs relative poverty

Photo by Luke Michael

why are people poor?

structural theories; psycho, anthro, socio
Photo by Imelda

service responses

Head Start, Project Wise, Parent involvement
Photo by Jordan Whitt

homelessness

lots of misunderstandings
Photo by Ed Yourdon

how prevalent is it?

about half a million each night (point-in-time)
Photo by Zach Dischner

risk factors

  • mental illness & substance abuse
  • domestic violence
  • incarceration history
  • unemployment
  • disability & medical debt
  • Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
  • military transition

what about families?

veterans?  "Sleeping Rough" in rural areas?
Photo by Shuttergames

federal response

social work's response
Photo by Piotr Chrobot

unemployment

Economy, Consequences, benefits & services

unemployment compensation

workers' comp - neither is means-tested

remember: unemployment stresses a whole family

Photo by Kadyn Pierce

criminal justice

felony index crimes vs. misdemeanors
Photo by Ari Spada

crimes against persons,

PROPERTY, or SOCIETY
Photo by monkeyc.net

delinquent

aka, minor in need of assistance; status offense
Photo by kat st kat

Punishment

retribution, deterrence, rehab, reintegration, control
Photo by Oxana Melis

1 in 37 US adults currently

in jail/on probation/parole (more than any other country)

social work roles in CJ

  • police social work
  • victim assistance programs
  • victim-offender mediation programs
  • victim witness programs
  • forensic social work
  • juvenile court services
  • working in correctional facilities

health, rehab, & mental health

chapter 12
Photo by hjl

social work in health systems

public health & epidemiology

primary health

HMOs, community health centers, clinics - Affordable Care Act
Photo by will1ill

hospitals

living wills & advance directives, oncology, ER
Photo by Robert Linder

long-term care

adult day care & nursing homes, hospice, plus home health care
Photo by Danie Franco

a brief aside about genetics

human genome project, counseling, ethics

HIV/AIDS

stigma, survivorship, fictive kin, women, services
Photo by sassy mom

social work & disabilities

developmental disabilities vs. later onset disabilities

federal laws

mainstreaming, normalization, deinstitutionalization
Photo by Joshua Woods

stigma, empower relationships, employment

social model of disability - universal design/access
Photo by Franco Folini

consumer voice & choice

social work & behavioral health

DSM-5

lots of theories

psychological, sociocultural, biological

service delivery

ida Cannon (1906), Mary Jarrett (1913), VA (1940s-50s)
Photo by Eric Ward

deinstitutionalization

money, humanitarian concerns, better drugs
Photo by Jason Leung

37% of social workers work in mental health

as their primary field
Photo by Emmalois

specialized knowledge

diagnose, trauma-informed care, laws, duty to warn
Photo by Nong

social work & substance use disorders

10% of US population - brain-based disease
Photo by Kiran Foster

treatments & programs

mandatory treatments, family drug court, prevention
Photo by KRoark

Social Work with Families & Youths

chapter 13
Photo by Thomas Hawk

uh, what is a family?

blood+marriage+adoption, or more?

variations in family form

  • single-parent
  • blended
  • LGBT
  • multigenerational
  • grandparent-headed families
Photo by Neal.

a quick note on grandfamilies & family preservation

child maltreatment

from Mary Ellen (1874) to CAPTA (reauth. 2010)
Photo by Random__Alex

types & prevalence of child maltreatment

physical abuse, emotional abuse, child neglect, sexual abuse

mandatory reporters

child maltreatment as ACE

fostering resilience & using trauma-informed care
Photo by chutme

child welfare services

figure 13.1
Photo by Rod Long

primary prevention programs

proactive family support & family preservation services
Photo by Neil Thomas

a bit on family group decision-making

foster care

permanency planning, formal kinship care, independent living, residential services
Photo by Gabe Pierce

family reunification

"reasonable efforts" & solution-based casework
Photo by Tato_p2p

types of adoption

domestic infant, foster care adoption, intercountry, customary adoption

advocacy

disproportionality & disparity

school social work

community, Special Ed, early developmental screening
Photo by Tim Gouw

youth suicide

prevention & postvention programs
Photo by James Baldwin

other services for youths

runaways, homeless, sex trafficking, empowerment
Photo by note thanun

participatory action research

(hope builders documentary)
Photo by Bots High

photovoice

Adult & Aging Services

chapter 14

services for adults

bereavement, Employee Assistance Programs, military 

caregiving for parents & partners

the special case of dementia care
Photo by Danie Franco

intimate partner violence

prevalence, international view
Photo by Sydney Sims

types of Intimate Partner Violence

  • physical violence
  • sexual violence
  • stalking
  • psychological aggression

dynamics of intimate partner violence

cycle of violence, learned helplessness, service responses, bglt
Photo by Saif71.com

why domestic violence victims don't leave

ted talk - Leslie Morgan Steiner

children's reactions to IPV

kids are half of all shelter residents
Photo by Ben Wicks

elder abuse

physical, sexual, emotional, neglect, financial exploitation
Photo by Matt Bennett

dynamics of elder abuse

in a family or in a long-term care facility?

adult protective services

frail & homebound?, competing values & ethics in responses
Photo by Jaddy Liu

social work services for older adults

centenarians have more than doubled since 1980
Photo by sk

gerontological social work

case management services, nutrition & transportation SUPPORT
Photo by Will

what about bglt aging?

not a lot is known - stigma & discrimination?
Photo by Max Di Capua

adult day centers & respite services

Photo by daBinsi

social work in nursing homes

setting the record straight about aging

healthy aging, lifelong learning, social determinants, civics

a quick aside about age-friendly communities 

looking forward, REFLECTING BACK

Photo by Morvanic Lee

Leeda Copley

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