Infantry:The Infantry in the American Civil War comprised foot-soldiers who fought primarily with small weapons , and they carried the brunt of the fighting on battlefields across the United States.
Cavalry: The principal shoulder weapon of the mounted services was a short-barrelled carbine. These were effective out to 200 yards. Numerous designs appeared early in the war, and close to 20 different types were eventually adopted by Federal forces.
In 1848, a French army officer named Claude Minie invented a cone-shaped lead bullet with a diameter smaller than that of the rifle barrel. Soldiers could load these “Minie balls” quickly, without the aid of ramrods or mallets.
To be effective the Minie ball required more effective rifles . In 1863 repeating rifles were discovered. This new weapons allowed the soldiers to shoot 7 bullets in 30 seconds.
1. Hand grenades Civil War soldiers were known to make jury-rigged explosives using assortments of fuses and gunpowder, but the conflict also saw advances in the design and manufacture of hand grenades.
3. Machine guns Colt revolvers and Springfield muskets were the Civil War’s most popular firearms, but the era also gave rise to some of the earliest machine guns.