THE GROUND AND AIR CYCLES

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

• The greenhouse effect is the exchange of incoming and outgoing radiation that warms up the Earth
• This happens because the infrared radiation emitted from the sun doesn't have enough energy to pass through the gases in the atmosphere so, they bounce around it warming the Earth before escaping.

WATER CYCLE

WATER CYCLE

• Evaporation The sun heats the water in rivers, lakes, and oceans, turning it to water vapor, and goes to the atmosphere.
• Condensation Water vapor in the atmosphere cools down to a liquid and forms clouds.

WATER CYCLE

• Precipitation When to much water vapor condensate, the air can no longer hold it so it falls as rain.
• Collection Water that precipitated goes back to ground an bodies of water restarting the cycle.

CARBON CYCLE

CARBON CYCLE

• Photosynthesis Plants breath CO2 from the atmosphere to produce glucose.
• Cell respiration When organisms eat the plants, they decompose the glucose, and CO2 is expelled back to the atmosphere.

CARBON CYCLE

• Organic decay When organisms die, their organic matter is decomposed into the soil, leading into the making of fossils.
• Combustion Through the burning of organic matter, CO2 is released back to the atmosphere.

NITROGEN CYCLE

NITROGEN CYCLE

• Nitrogen fixation Nitrogen is fixated to the soil as ammonia and nitrates by bacteria and lightning.
• Nitrification Ammonia is converted into nitrates and nitrites, and nitrites are oxidized to nitrates by nitrobacterias.
• Nitrogen Assimilation The ammonia and nitrates are absorbed by plants, to be converted to amino acids. And animals are able to get it by eating plants

NITROGEN CYCLE

• Ammonification The proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids and other forms of organic nitrogen are converted back to the soil as ammonia and ammonium.
• Denitrification Nitrates are converted back to gaseous nitrogen by anaerobic bacterias and are expelled back to the atmosphere with nitrous oxide.

OXYGEN CYCLE

OXYGEN CYCLE

• Photosynthesis Plants turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose and produce oxygen as a byproduct.
• Cell respiration Organisms that breath the oxygen in the atmosphere uses it for cellular respiration in which glucose is broken and carbon dioxide is released, repeating the cycle.

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

• Erosion Weather conditions erode rocks causing them to release phosphate ions into water and soil
• Absorption Plants are now able to absorb phosphate from the soil, and animal can get it through the plants, and be used in plants and animals to make organic molecules.

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

• Mineralization When organisms die, the organic forms of phosphorus can be mineralized to inorganic forms of phosphorus by bacterias.
• Sedimentation Phosphorus in the soil can be incorporated to water and form sediments over time.

SULFUR CYCLE

SULFUR CYCLE

• Precipitation Sulfur is expelled to the atmosphere through industrial processes and through volcanic eruptions, and falls in the form of acid rain.
• Erosion Sulfur is also eroded from rocks and reacts with the air to form sulfate and falls into the crust
• Absorption Plants absorb these sulfate ions and passes them through the food chain to form organic compounds.

SULFUR CYCLE

• Gaseous loss As organisms die their some of the sulfur is decomposed as sulfates and some is decomposed into the atmosphere as inorganic forms of sulfur containing gases.
• Sedimentation Sulfates in the soil are incorporated to water bodies and form sediments over time

THE IMPACT OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

• Global warming caused by greenhouses gases, change the flow of rivers reducing the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and carbon being carried through coastal regions, disrupting its natural balance.

THE IMPACT OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

• The emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide by the burning of fossil fuels, also changes the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, changing their natural cycling rate in their environment.

REFERENCES

• N/A. (2013), The phosphorus cycle, October 17, 2016, http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Soil-Farming-and-Science/Science-Ideas-...
• N/A. (2010), The Nitrogen Cycle, October 16, 2016, http://www.fondriest.com/news/nitrogencycle.html
• N/A. Sulfur Cycle, October 17, 2016, https://enviroliteracy.org/air-climate-weather/biogeochemical-cycles/sulfur...

REFERENCES

• Gormandy M. Carbon Cycle Steps, October 16, 2016, http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Carbon_Cycle_Steps
• N/A. Effects of Increased Greenhouse Gas Emission, October 17, 2016, http://whatsyourimpact.org/effects-increased-greenhouse-gas-emissions

Untitled Slide

• Ricardo Orozco A01566548
• José M. Almanza A01568009
• Sebastian Alvarado A01568011