The Earliest Human Societies
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Hunter-Gatherers
They hunted animals and gathered plants for food. When hunter-gatherers didn't have enough to eat, they moved to another location. Hunter-gatherers were nomads who moved from place to place. Migrations may have been the result of people's following animals to hunt. By around 15,000 B.C. hunter-gatherers had migrated almost around the whole world.
Photo by Woodlouse
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Learning to Farm and Raise Animals
Wild grasses spread and they were domesticated by humans who had learned to grow and tend grass. In 8000 B.C. people started planting seeds to raise crops. Also early farmers slashed-and-burned, that meant to cut and burn down trees. They did that to clear land for crops. Finally they used irrigation which meant to water crops.
Photo by ChrisGoldNY
The first communities
In the first communities surpluses were very important because that meant they had more product of something to survive. Another important thing was specialization, that meant that you have people in your community or village specializes in something no one else is good at. Also they had artisans who were carpenters, toolmakers, or cloth makers. They also had social classes which was kind of like a club, because everyone in a social class had the same customs, background, training, and income, such as farmers, craftspeople, priests, or rulers. Most of the communities had governments that enforced laws and rules.
Photo by Jeff Attaway
Complex villages
If you live in a complex village there are advantages. One of the advantages are surpluses, surpluses are left overs That you can survive off of. Complex villages have more people than a simple village. Also if you live in a complex village there are more people with different specialties. Finally if you live in a complex village you're going to be exposed to many different cultures, religions, and languages.
Photo by D-Stanley
