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AP Bio Cells

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1.

CYTOLOGY

THE STUDY OF CELL STRUCTURE
Photo by euthman
2.

CELL:BIOLOGY:ATOM:CHEMISTRY

CELL- SMALLEST UNIT OF LIFE
Photo by Pulmonary Pathology
3.

LIGHT MICROSCOPE

  • 1600s
  • Robert Hook
  • Anton vanLeeuwenhoek
  • Magnifies 1000x
Photo by r.nial.bradshaw
4.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

  • 1950s
  • SEM-shows outside
  • TEM-shows inside
  • Magnifies much more
Photo by Canadian Light Source
5.

SEM

  • Scanning electron microscope
  • Film of gold
  • Shows topography of cell
  • Specimen dies
Photo by EMSL
6.

TEM

  • Transmission electron microscope
  • Shows internal structure of cells
  • Specimen dies
Photo by kaibara87
7.

CELL FRACTIONATION

  • Centrifuge
  • Separates out cell organelles by size and density
  • Forms a pellet at the bottom of test tube
Photo by gemmerich
8.

Domains of life
1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya

Photo by EMSL
9.

Domains Bacteria and Archaea
- prokaryotic cells

Photo by jurvetson
10.

Domain Eukarya
- eukaryotic cells
- protists, fungi, plants, animals

Photo by Michael_Whitehead
11.

ALL CELLS

  • Plasma membrane
  • Cytoplasm-cytosol
  • Chromosomes (DNA)
  • Ribosomes
Photo by ἀλέξ
12.

PROKARYOTIC

  • DNA in nucleoid
  • Smaller cells
  • 1-5 micrometers
Photo by EMSL
13.

EUKARYOTIC

  • DNA in double membrane bound organelle (nucleus)
  • Larger cells
  • 10-100 micrometers
Photo by Xevi V
14.

Cells must be small
Ratio of surface area to volume ratio must be large
Microvilli in intestinal cells increase surface area while not increasing volume

Photo by TheJCB
15.

NUCLEUS

INFORMATION CENTAL
Photo by TheJCB
16.

RIBOSOMES

PROTEIN FACTORIES
Photo by eLife - the journal
17.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

BIOSYNTHETIC FACTORY
Photo by hanacy
18.

GOLGI APPARATUS

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CENTER
Photo by stutteringmedia
19.

LYSOSOMES

DIGESTIVE COMPARTMENTS
Photo by glyn_nelson
20.

VACUOLES

DIVERSE MAINTENANCE COMPARTMENTS
Photo by euthman
21.

MITOCHONDRIA

CHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION
Photo by jcalyst
22.

CHLOROPLAST

CAPTURE LIGHT ENERGY
Photo by that one doood
23.

PEROXISOMES

OXIDATION
Photo by boeke
24.

CYTOSKELETON

  • Microtubules
  • Microfilaments
  • Intermediate filaments
Photo by TheJCB
25.

EXTRACELLULAR

  • Cell wall - plants
  • Extracellular matrix - animal cells
  • Cell junctions
  • -plasmodesmata-plants
  • -tight junctions, gap junctions, desmosomes
Photo by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeleta

Cameron Blackwood