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AP Bio Cells

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

CYTOLOGY

THE STUDY OF CELL STRUCTURE
Photo by euthman

CELL:BIOLOGY:ATOM:CHEMISTRY

CELL- SMALLEST UNIT OF LIFE

LIGHT MICROSCOPE

  • 1600s
  • Robert Hook
  • Anton vanLeeuwenhoek
  • Magnifies 1000x

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

  • 1950s
  • SEM-shows outside
  • TEM-shows inside
  • Magnifies much more

SEM

  • Scanning electron microscope
  • Film of gold
  • Shows topography of cell
  • Specimen dies
Photo by EMSL

TEM

  • Transmission electron microscope
  • Shows internal structure of cells
  • Specimen dies
Photo by kaibara87

CELL FRACTIONATION

  • Centrifuge
  • Separates out cell organelles by size and density
  • Forms a pellet at the bottom of test tube
Photo by gemmerich

Domains of life
1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya

Photo by EMSL

Domains Bacteria and Archaea
- prokaryotic cells

Photo by jurvetson

Domain Eukarya
- eukaryotic cells
- protists, fungi, plants, animals

ALL CELLS

  • Plasma membrane
  • Cytoplasm-cytosol
  • Chromosomes (DNA)
  • Ribosomes
Photo by ἀλέξ

PROKARYOTIC

  • DNA in nucleoid
  • Smaller cells
  • 1-5 micrometers
Photo by EMSL

EUKARYOTIC

  • DNA in double membrane bound organelle (nucleus)
  • Larger cells
  • 10-100 micrometers
Photo by Xevi V

Cells must be small
Ratio of surface area to volume ratio must be large
Microvilli in intestinal cells increase surface area while not increasing volume

Photo by TheJCB

NUCLEUS

INFORMATION CENTAL
Photo by TheJCB

RIBOSOMES

PROTEIN FACTORIES

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

BIOSYNTHETIC FACTORY
Photo by hanacy

GOLGI APPARATUS

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CENTER

LYSOSOMES

DIGESTIVE COMPARTMENTS
Photo by glyn_nelson

VACUOLES

DIVERSE MAINTENANCE COMPARTMENTS
Photo by euthman

MITOCHONDRIA

CHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION
Photo by jcalyst

CHLOROPLAST

CAPTURE LIGHT ENERGY

PEROXISOMES

OXIDATION
Photo by boeke

CYTOSKELETON

  • Microtubules
  • Microfilaments
  • Intermediate filaments
Photo by TheJCB

EXTRACELLULAR

  • Cell wall - plants
  • Extracellular matrix - animal cells
  • Cell junctions
  • -plasmodesmata-plants
  • -tight junctions, gap junctions, desmosomes