ISABELLA AND TAYLOR

PROTEINS

- Amino acid composition
- Amino acids have the general structural molecular formula -NH2CHRCOOH.
- amino acids determine their solubility and stability.
- 20 amino acids present in proteins.

Real life examples
Responsible for cell replication. Structures of muscles and organs, also sends signals to the nerves and brain.

STRUCTURE

CARBOHYDRATES

•Includes simple sugars, starches, and cellulose.
• Basic form(simple sugar)-Monosaccharides
• Combines to make complex carbs- Disaccharide (2 Monos.) and Polysaccharide, which are long chains of Monosacc. bound together.

MONOSACCHARIDE

• Crystalline compounds
• Soluble in water
• Sweet to taste
• Needs digestion to be absorbed in blood stream.
• Can contain either five(pentose) or six(hexose) carbons.
• Building blocks for all other carbohydrates.
• May exist in linear molecule or ring forms.
• Formula: CH2O

DISACCHARIDES

• Three common types: sucrose, maltose & lactose.
• Double sugars. One hydrolysis yields two simple sugars.
• Sometimes Soluble in water.
• Sweet taste and sticky feeling.
• Classified into two groups: reducing and non-reducing.

POLYSACCHARIDE

• Not soluble
• Form colloidal
• Formula: Polysaccharides have a general formula of Cn(H2O)n-1 where n is usually a large number between 200 and 2500.
• When bonds are broken they give off energy.

• REAL LIFE EXAMPLES •

• Their the main energy source for the body.
• They are converted into fat and stored in fat tissues.

Untitled Slide

STRUCTURE

LIPIDS

*Hydrophobic (repels water)
*Non-polar
*Includes fats, oils, and hormones
*Low melting point.
*Insoluble

Structure
Fats with many Hydrogen bonds, hydrogenated fats, are solid at room temperature. Fats with more double bonds between carbon and fewer hydrogen bonds are liquid at room temperature.

Pic is general chemical structure of triacylglycerol (oils)

Real life example:
Lipids, such as oils and saturated fats, are found in foods. Ingesting more lipids than needed may result in storage fat or high cholesterol.

NUCLEIC ACID

*Chains of Nucleotides
*Occurs in the nucleus
*Occurs in cell organelles like chloroplast and mitochondria
*The DNA is held together by hydrogen bonding

Real life example
Transmits hereditary characters and stores genetic information.

STRUCTURE

ACETONE

- miscible with water
- Molecular formula
C3H6O
- colorless liquid
-Formula: (CH3)2CO
- colorless liquid
- Molecular weight: 58.08g
-common building block in organic chemistry.

STRUCTURE

Real life examples
1. Nail polish remover
2. Paint thinner
3. Waxes and polishes
4. Detergents+ cleaning products.
3. Biosynthesized in the body in small amounts.