Niccolo Machiavelli was born on May 3, 1469. Once the Medici family had power again Niccolo got sent to jail. He then wrote The Prince a handbook for politicians it was about how to rule, to be ruthless.He also wrote other poems and plays. He then died on June 21, 1527, in Florence Italy.

Martin Luther studied the bible and questioned the Catholic Church and found they disagreed
on many things. One thing he didn't think was right was that you could be forgiven of your sins if you payed the church money. After he posted the list of 95 things he thought weren't right he got kicked out of the church and was called a heretic.

Leonardo was an artist, inventor and a scientist. he was born on april 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy and died on May 2, 1519 in Amboise, Kingdom of France. Some of his famous works were Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, The Vitruvian Man. Some people say he was one of the most talented and intelligent people.

Raphael was an architect and painter. He was born on Born April 6, 1483 in Urbino, Italy and died on April 6, 1520 in Rome, Italy. One art critic siad his painting was more life like than life itself. When Raphael turned seventeen he moved to work with Pietro Perugino.