CHAPTER 25

SECTION 1

IMPERIALISM

CAUSES FOR IMPERIALISM

• Economics
• Political/Military interests
• Humanitarian/Religious interests
• Social Darwinism/Racism

WHY WAS THE WEST SUCCESSFUL?

• Other civilizations were declining
• Lots of $ and technology
• Did I mention the maxim gun?
• Developed quinine and innoculations
• Not all Europeans favored imperialism

YOU DON'T BRING A KNIFE TO A GUNFIGHT!

FORMS OF COLONIAL RULE

• COLONIES
• PROTECTORATES
• SPHERES OF INFLUENCE

SECTION 2

THE MAGNIFICENT AFRICAN CAKE

• North: Sahara, Islamic
• West: rival groups, Asante, Islam
• East: Islam, slaves, ivory, India
• South: Shaka Zulu and the Boers

1500-1700S

• Explorers- Livingstone
• Missionaries
• PATERNALISM:
• These people need to be taken care of

BERLIN CONFERENCE 1884-1885

Untitled Slide

• Belgium: Congo horrors
• France: Algerian war, huge empire
• Britain: South Africa, Boer War
• Portugal, Germany, Italy get in on it

RESISTANCE

• Algerians: Samori Toure
• Asante and Shona: Yaa Asantewaa and Nehanda
• Maji-Maji Rebellion: scorched earth policy
• Ethiopia survived because Menelik II modernized
• New African elite developed

SECTION 3

STRESS'LL KILL YA

• Declining empires
• Islamic reform movements
• Europeans be imperializing!

OTTOMAN PROBLEMS

• Powerful pashas/Young Turks
• Nationalist revolts
• European competition
• Westernization woes
• Armenian GENOCIDE

EGYPT

• Wants to modernize
• Led by Muhammad Ali
• Borrowed $ for Suez Canal
• Became a British protectorate

IRAN

• Ruled by Qajar shahs
• Reformed, but to no avail
• Russia and Britain fought over it...
• OIL! CONCESSIONS: special economic rights
• Led to fighting amongst Iranians

SECTION 4

Untitled Slide

• East India Company controlled trade
• Exploited diversity
• Making money!
• Made improvements...
• Outlawed SATI: widow suicide

SEPOYS

• Indian soldiers
• Hired by EIC
• Offended Hindus: travel and remarriage
• Last straw was meat gun!
• Rebelled, murdered, got crushed

LED TO DIRECT COLONIAL RULE

VICEROY INDIA

• Adopt tech and culture
• Built railroad, telegraphs
• Changed Indian economy and agriculture
• DEFORESTATION: cut down trees
• Population grew but not enough food

CULT-CHUH

• Ram Mohun Roy: founder of Indian nationalism
• Blend of East and West
• Most British assumed Indian culture was inferior
• Thomas Macauley: rudie-poo!

INDIAN NATIONALISM

• Ironic!
• Indian National Congress
• Muslim League
• Finally own independence in 1947

SECTION 5

TRADE

• China sort of traded with others
• Europeans wanted more
• SURPLUS & DEFICIT

OPIUM WAR

• British traded drugs for tea
• Chinese became addicted
• Chinese gov't intervened
• Lost the war...
• TREATY OF NANKING...

NANKING...

• INDEMNITY: payment for losses
• EXTRATERRITORIALITY:
• The right to follow their own laws
• Unequal treaty was first of many

INTERNAL PROBLEMS

• Qing dynasty in decline
• Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)
• Create a "Heavenly kingdom of great peace."
• Between 20-30 million people died!

CI XI

• Empress who attempted reforms
• "Self-strengthening"
• Sino-Japanese War (totes lost)
• Led to OPEN DOOR POLICY
• 100 days of reform...not so much

QING DYNASTY FALLS

• Upset with European presence
• BOXER REBELLION: Righteous Harmonious Fists
• Got crushed...had to make more concessions

THREE PRINCIPLES OF THE PEOPLE

• Sun Yixian
• Nationalism-free China
• Democracy
• Livelihood-economic security
• Eventually Sun is named head of the republic....

ANY QUESTIONS?

GOOD LUCK ON YOUR TEST TOMORROW!