In total, approximately 11 million people were killed, including one million Jewish children alone. Of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust, approximately two-thirds were killed.
By the end of 1942, victims were being regularly transported by freight train to specially built extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were systematically killed in gas chambers. The campaign of murder continued until the end of World War II in Europe in April–May 1945.