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Modern Philosophy

Published on Mar 28, 2016

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1.

Modern Philosophy

  • Originated in Western Europe
  • Philosophy of the Mind
  • Empiricism vs. Rationalism
  • Turn toward subjectivity
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2.

Modern Philosophers

  • Descartes
  • Spinoza
  • Leibniz
  • Locke
3.

Modernity- Characteristics

  • Doubt
  • The mind in control
  • Rationalists
  • Sensory experience
  • "I think therefore I am"
4.

Modernity

  • Means "new" and "now"
  • Contemporary
  • Finding principles of human knowledge
  • Consciousness
5.

Modernity

  • Importance of Descartes setting the ground for modern philosophy
  • The Cartesian philosophy
  • The Kantian philosophy
6.

DESCARTES

  • Doubt everything
  • 4 concepts of doubt
  • Quality > Quanity
  • Meditations
  • The use of the word "I"
7.

CONCEPTS OF DOUBT

  • I cannot trust my senses
  • I could be crazy
  • I could be dreamy
  • I could be possessed by a malicious demon
8.

DESCARTES

  • I can't doubt that I doubt
  • I is a metaphysical entity or maybe a grammatical convenience.
  • 1 true conclusion in which you know how it is true is better than 1000 truths you can't explain.
9.

Opinion on Descartes

  • This system is not the best
  • Quality is good but the way of getting it is bad
  • Use of I needs to be defined as well
10.

HUME - TEXTS

  • Treatise on Human Nature
  • Enquiry concerning Human Understanding
  • Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals
11.

HUME - GOALS

  • To gain a better grasp of...
  • 1) scope and limits of our understanding
  • 2) The nature of our ideas
  • 3) The operations we perform in reasoning about them
12.

Opinion on Hume

  • I agree with what Hume wants to accomplish
  • Humans needs to know more about their understanding
  • Know the limits humans can know is important
13.

KANT - TEXTS

  • Critique of Pure Reason
  • Critique of Practical Reason
  • Critique of Judgment
14.

KANT- A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE

  • A priori- before the fact
  • Independent of experience
  • Is human reason capable of a priori knowledge?
15.

KANT - KNOWLEDGE

  • Knowledge is verified true belief
  • To know is to believe
  • Belief must be true
  • Belief must be verified
16.

Hegel- Dialectic Process

  • First, there is a thesis
  • Second, there is an antithesis
  • Third, there is a synthesis
  • Ex: Being (thesis), non-being (antithesis), becoming(synthesis)
17.

Hegel- Truth

  • Truth is not an objective entity
  • Truth is not "up to" the individual
  • Truth is an evolving reality
  • Develops alongside history and humanit
18.

Hegel- Politics

  • Political and civil society
  • Fundamental reform
  • Freedom, reason, and recognition
  • Idea of reform
19.

Marx- Dialectical Materialism

  • Fundamental reality is physical
  • All behavior is law-governed
  • Mode of economic production
  • Mode of production leads to "contradiction"
20.

Opinion on Marx

  • I agree with his mode of production
  • It makes sense and is shown in today's world.
  • Ex: College sports and their money from shirts going to the University

Elton Schwartz