SCIENCE 8

THREE STATES OF MATTER

SOLIDS

• Particles are tightly packed together
• Particles will vibrate but can't move past each other
• Has a definite shape and volume

LIQUIDS

• Particles are close together
• Can move or slide past each other
• Liquids flow
• Take the shape of their container

GASES

• Particles are as far away as possible
• Particles move freely at high speeds
• Gases flow
• Take shape of container (could be compressed)

PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER

HOW CAN A MATERIAL BE ADDED TO ANOTHER WITHOUT INCREASING THE VOLUME?

Another material can be added to another without increasing its volume by dissolving one of the materials.

Untitled Slide

• The substance that dissolves is called the solute
• The substance that does the dissolving is called the solvent
• When you dissolve one substance into another is makes a solution

Unsaturated solution: solution in which more solute can dissolve.

Saturated solution: solution in which NO more solute can dissolve.

Every solution has a saturation point where no more solute can dissolve at that given temperature.

The most common solvent is water. It's sometimes called the universal solvent because it dissolves so many different substances.
Aqueous solution refers to water because Aqua is Latin for water.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF DISSOLVING

• The kind of solute
• The kind of solvent
• The temperature

TO SPEED UP DISSOLVING

• You can inrease the temperature
• Use smaller pieces
• Stir or shake the substance

Increasing the temperature makes the particles move faster so that they will bump into each other.

Smaller pieces dissolve quicker. Smaller pieces together have more surface area.

Stirring moves all the particles around.

CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY

The concentration of a solution tells you the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent.

Solubility is the maximum amount of solute you can add to a fixed volume of solvent at a given temperature

When you read concentration, you read the amount of solute dissolved in the amount of solvent.
*50g of solute dissolved in 100ml of water = 50g/100mL

When you compare concentration, you must use the same volume of solvent

Untitled Slide

BY KENZIE AND ABBY