CHAPTER 25

WWII WAS THE MOST DESTRUCTIVE WAR IN HUMAN HISTORY

SECTION 1

PRIOR TO ENTRY

• The US was already mobilizing
• War production favored the Allies
• COST-PLUS CONTRACTS:
• The gov't agrees to pay for cost and guarantees profit
• RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORP: Gave loans

UNPRECIDENTED

THE AUTO INDUSTRY

• Tanks, jeeps, trucks
• Fast travel was key
• Artillery, rifles, mines, helmets, etc.
• B-24 bomber: "The Liberator"
• Produced 1/3 military equipment

LIBERTY SHIPS

WAR PRODUCTION BOARD

• Set priorities, production schedule
• In charge of distribution
• Clashed with military
• FDR creates OFFICE OF WAR MOBILIZATION
• But now you need an army...

BUILDING AN ARMY

• 6/1940: First peacetime draft
• SELECTIVE SERVICE AND TRAINING ACT
• Training facilities not equipped (GI)
• 8-week basic training...not really helpful
• But it did create bonds between soldiers

DOUBLE V, Y'ALL!

• African Americans disagree about war.
• DISENFRANCHISED: Denied right to vote
• Victory over Hitler and racism!
• FDR needs AA votes....appoints Benjamin O. Davis
• TUSKEGEE AIRMEN...led to desegregation

ALL THE SINGLE LADIES

• Barred from combat, but did other jobs
• WOMEN'S ARMY AUXILIARY CORPS
• WOMEN'S ARMY CORPS
• "A debt and a date"
• 68,000+ served

SECTION 2

PACIFIC BLUES

• Lose the Philippines to Japan
• Leads to BATAAN DEATH MARCH
• DOOLITTLE'S RAID: Started bombing Japan
• Japan changes strategy...destroy US navy!
• We'd broken the codes, so we know the plan.

Untitled Slide

• BATTLE OF CORAL SEA:
• Kept supply line to Australia open
• BATTLE OF MIDWAY:
• Ambushed Japanese...turning point of war
• Japan lost key fleet boats, but a lot of US died

LOOKING TOWARD GERMANY

PERIPHERAL WAR-NORTH AFRICA

• Morocco and Algeria:
• Experience and assistance
• Needed to win in Egypt
• Erwin Rommel: "Desert Fox"
• KASSERINE'S PASS: 1st fight against Germany

GENERAL GEORGE PATTON

EUROPEAN BATTLES

• BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC:
• Submarine warfare...we won because of technology
• STALINGRAD: (another turning point)
• Hitler's genius plan to invade Russia.
• 91,000 surrendered...5,000 survived

SECTION 3

FACTORY WORK

• Owners can't just hire white guys
• ROSIE THE RIVETER: Symbol of women contribution
• Changes the workplace forever
• Executive Order 8802: No discrimination in the workplace
• BRACERO PROGRAM: Mexican workers help harvest

UNSUNNY SUNBELT

• Southern CA and the South
• Creates housing crisis
• Great Migration causes tension
• 6/20/43: Riots in Detroit

ZOOT SUIT RIOTS

• Juvie crimes rose dramatically
• Fear of teens and Mexicans
• Zoot Suit: Big and baggy
• Wear a victory suit!
• Soldiers attack Mexican teens

JAPANESE INTERNMENT

• Lots of racism post-PH
• Had to move to internment camps
• KOREMATSU V. THE US
• Eventually got reparations

REPARATIONS ARE STILL VERY CONTROVERSIAL

DAILY LIFE

• Rationing: Blue and red points
• Victory gardens
• Scrap drives
• Buying war bonds
• Almost eveyone bought in!

SECTION 4

LARGE-SCALE INVASIONS

• Casablanca Conference:
• Step up bombing and invade Italy
• "Soft underbelly"
• Dropped 53 tons of explosions/month
• Destroyed oil, railroads, and factories

SOFT UNDERBELLY

• Patton, eisenhower, and Montgomery invade Italy
• DUKW: Amphibious trucks
• Created crisis in Italian gov't....they surrender
• Germany does not: Fighting at CASSINO & ANZIO
• 300k + casualties

TEHRAN CONFERENCE

• Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill
• Russia promised...
• Invade Germany
• Help US with Japan
• Help create an international peacekeeping organization

OPERATION OVERLORD

• Invasion of France
• Created a dummy army to trick Germany
• They need the perfect day....6/5/44...D-DAY
• The Longest Day: We saw SAVING PRIVATE RYAN
• Allied Success!

ISLAND HOPPING

• Allies can't attack every island
• Nimitz and MacArthur
• Tarawa: thanks "Alligators"!
• Take back the Philippines
• GUADACANAL and LEYTE GULF

KAMIKAZE

SECTION 5

D-DAY WAS ONLY THE BEGINNING

BATTLE OF THE BULGE

V-E DAY

TRUMAN TAKES OVER

IWO JIMA

• Capture closest island to Japan
• 60,000 troops invade
• Many get mowed down

LEMAY AND FIREBOMBING

• Curtis LeMay: B-29 commander
• NAPALM: Jellied gasoline
• Very controversial
• Killed 80,000 and ruined 250,000 buildings
• OKINAWA: Over 12,000 Allies die

JAPAN CONSIDERED SURRENDERING

MANHATTEN PROJECT

• Splitting atoms releases energy
• Top secret project
• Pros and cons for dropping the bombs
• Killed about 120,00 instantly...HIROSHIMA
• Killed about 70,000 instantly...NAGASAKI

JAPAN SURRENDERS

EFFECTS OF WWII

• End world wars forever!
• Creates UN
• Creates IMT
• INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL
• Nuremberg Trials

ANY QUESTIONS?

GOOD LUCK ON YOUR TEST!

THE END