PRESENTATION OUTLINE
kidneys- each of a pair of organs in the abdominal cavity of mammals, birds, and reptiles, excreting urine.
The kidneys are located in the back of the abdomen.
Each of the kidneys are about 4 to 5 inches long. the kidneys filter the blood in the body. All the blood in yoour body goes through the kidneys a couple times a day. each kidney contains a million units of nepherons.
nepherons each of which is a microscopic filter for blood. it is possible to lose as much as 90% of kidney function with out having any symptoms or problems.
why are they important?
the kidneys filter blood in the body, remove waste, controls the bodies fluided balance, and regulate the balance of electrolight.
the urinary system.
while the kidneys filter the blood they create a liquid called urine which enters the bladder by two thin tubes called ureters.
what it is-
the clinical purification of blood by dialysis, as a substitute for the normal function of the kidney.
What does dialysis do?
it removes waste,salt, and extra water to prevent them from building up in your body. it keeps a safe level of certain chemicals in your body such as potassium, sodium and bicarbonate. he,ps to control blood pressure.
two types of dialysis
hemodialysis-using a dialyzer to clean the blood typically done three times a week for at leadt two and a half hours to four hours. typically done at a dialysis center not at home.
A surgeon makes a fistula by using your own blood vessels; an artery is connected directly to a vein, usually in your forearm. The increased blood flow makes the vein grow larger and stronger so it can be used for repeated needle insertions. This kind of access is the preferred type. It may take several weeks to be ready for use.
In Peritoneal dialysis, a sterile solution containing minerals and glucose is run through a tube into the peritoneal cavity, where the peritoneal membrane acts as a semipermeable membrane. The dialysate (1-3 L of prescribed solution) is left in the peritoneal cavity for a period of time to absorb waste products, and then it is drained out through the tube and discarded. This cycle is repeated 4-5 times during the day. Peritoneal dialysis treatment is used at home under the routine supervision of a dialysis facility. The types of chronic peritoneal dialysis are determined by various schedules:
CAPD- CAPD is a manual form of peritoneal dialysis, with no machine.
During CAPD, the dialysate solution stays in the peritoneal cavity for about 4 to 6 hours. After this time, the solution is drained out of the cavity. The cavity is then is then refilled with fresh solution. This is the most commonly used form of peritoneal dialysis and employs 4-6 exchanges per day.
CCPD, also known as Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD), is a form of peritoneal dialysis using a cycler at night. During CCPD, a machine automatically fills and drains the dialysate from the peritoneal cavity. This process takes about 10 to 12 hours; therefore CCPD is performed at night. The cycler automatically makes 4-6 exchanges per day.
Nocturnal Intermitted Peritoneal Dialysis or IPD is much like CCPD but is usually performed in a hospital. Treatment sessions may last up to 24 hours, have an increased number of exchanges (5-8) at night and may be done several times a week. With IPD, the abdomen is drained and left "dry" (without dialysate) during the day. IPD is rarely done anymore.
