VOCABULARY

GLOBE

• Book definition- Globe- the earth
• A globe is basically a 3d figure of the earth.

MAP DISTORTION

• distortion. [map projections] On a map or image, the misrepresentation of shape, area, distance, or direction of or between geographic features when compared to their true measurements on the curved surface of the earth.
• Basically the measurements of the earth.

CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY

• In 1915, the German geologist and meteorologist Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift, which states that parts of the Earth's crust slowly drift atop a liquid core. The fossil record supports and gives credence to the theories of continental drift and plate tectonics.
• Basically it's a theory that all of the continents were all together at a point, also known as Pangea.

CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES

• In plate tectonics, a convergent boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary (because of subduction), is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere move toward one another and collide.
• It's when one plate goes under the other plate it is also called subduction and can make volcanoes erupt.

DIVERGENT BOUNDARY

• In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
• Basically when two plates separates from each other and go opposite directions.

TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES

• Places where plates slide past each other are called transform boundaries. Since the plates on either side of a transform boundary are merely sliding past each other and not tearing or crunching each other, transform boundaries lack the spectacular features found at convergent and divergent boundaries.
• When two plates rub against each other.

FAULT

• (of a rock formation) be broken by a fault or faults. "rift valleys where the crust has been stretched and faulted"
• Basically when the crust opens up

seismograph

• an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.
• Basically a tool that measures earthquakes.

EPICENTER

• the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
• Where the earthquake is.

RICHTER SCALE

• a numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations. The more destructive earthquakes typically have magnitudes between about 5.5 and 8.9; the scale is logarithmic and a difference of one represents an approximate thirtyfold difference in magnitude.
• The magnitude of and earthquake.

RING OF FIRE

• The Pacific Ring of Fire, or just Ring of Fire for short, is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean.
• Basically a spot in the Pacific Ocean.

ATMOSPHERE

• the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.
• Gases around the earth

LITHOSPHERE

• the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
• Crust and upper mantle.

HYDROSPHERE

• all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.
• All the water on the earth.

BIOSPHERE

• the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms.
• Living organism on other planets.

topography

• the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
• Like some places are hot, cold, humid, and warm

elevation/altitude

• The altitude of a point on the celestial sphere is defined as the angular distance measured positive toward the astronomical zenith from the astronomical horizon along the great circle passing through the point and the astronomical zenith.
• How high you are in the air.

WEATHERING

• the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain,
• The weather

EROSION

• the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.
• Wind and water making eroding.

DEPOSITION

• the action of deposing someone, especially a monarch.
• To throw something to get rid of.

glaciation

• the process, condition, or result of being covered by glaciers or ice sheets.
• A lot of ice

WEATHER

• the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.
• Rain, wind, sunny, etc.

CLIMATE

• the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period. "our cold, wet climate"
• Like in summer its hot over a period of time.

LEEWARD

• on or toward the side sheltered from the wind or toward which the wind is blowing; downwind.
• Which way is the wind blowing.

WINDWARD

• facing the wind or on the side facing the wind.
• One side wind coming.

RAIN SHADOW EFFECT

• rain shadow. An area having relatively little precipitation due to the effect of a topographic barrier, especially a mountain range, that causes the prevailing winds to lose their moisture on the windward side, causing the leeward side to be dry.
• Not really rain and poor precipitation.

TROPICAL WET CLIMATE

• Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate (Aw): These climates generally have a pronounced dry season, with the driest month having precipitation less than 60 mm and also less than (100 − [total annual precipitation {mm}/25]).
• Very wet and little dry.

SEMIARID

• The definition of semiarid is a climate or place that is partially arid, or semi-dry and has less than 20 inches of rain each year. An example of semiarid climates is the hot, semiarid climate of the Outback in Australia.
• A climate or place.

Mediterranean climate

• a climate distinguished by warm, wet winters under prevailing westerly winds and calm, hot, dry summers, as is characteristic of the Mediterranean region and parts of California, Chile, South Africa, and southwestern Australia.
• Like its hot in Texas or humid in Florida.

TUNDRA

• a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the subsoil is permanently frozen.
• Subsoil is frozen.

WESTERLIES

• The Westerlies, anti-trades, or Prevailing Westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. They originate from the high-pressure areas in the horse latitudes and tend towards the poles and steer extratropical cyclones in this general manner.
• High pressure areas.

EASTERLIES

• The polar easterlies (also Polar Hadley cells) are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes.
• High pressure place with dry and cold wind.

OCEAN CURRENTS

• An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by forces acting upon this mean flow, such as breaking waves, wind, the Coriolis effect, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences, while tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon.
• Basically a gravitational pull from the sun and moon make these ocean currents.

POLAR ZONE OF LATITUDE

• The polar regions of Earth, also known as Earth's frigid zones, are the regions of Earth surrounding its geographical poles (the North and South Poles). These regions are dominated by Earth's polar ice caps, the northern resting on the Arctic Ocean and the southern on the continent of Antarctica.
• Polar regions of the earth.

TEMPERATE ZONE LATITUDE

• Either of two intermediate latitude zones of the earth, the North Temperate Zone, between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer, or the South Temperate Zone, between the Antarctic Circle and the Tropic of Capricorn.
• Between the Arctic circle and the Tropic of Cancer.

TROPICAL ZONE LATITUDE

• The tropics is a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator. It is limited in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at 23°26′14.1″ (or 23.43725°) N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere at 23°26′14.1″ (or 23.43725°) S; these latitudes correspond to the axial tilt of the Earth.
• It's surrounding the equator.

CONTINENTALLY

• Of, relating to, or characteristic of a continent. 2. often Continental Of or relating to the mainland of Europe; European. 3. Continental Of or relating to the American colonies during and immediately after the American Revolution.
• A continent.

DECIDUOUS TREES

• Deciduous woody plants[edit] The deciduous characteristic has developed repeatedly among woody plants. Trees include maple, many oaks, elm, aspen, and birch, among others, as well as a number of coniferous genera, such as larch and Metasequoia. Deciduous shrubs include honeysuckle, viburnum, and many others.
• All kings of trees.