Science Study Guide
Published on Nov 23, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
The different forms of a gene for a trait
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Allele
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A person who has a gene for a trait, but does not express the trait
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Carrier
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The mating of organisms to test how traits are inherited
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Cross
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The trait expressed even when a recessive trait is present.
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Dominant
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Cells that carry 1/2 the number of chromosomes in an organism
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Gamete
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Segments of DNA that code for a certain trait
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Gene
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The study of the inheritance of traits
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Genetics
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The genetic code of an organism
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Genotype
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The result when two alleles for a trait are different
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Hybrid
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Two traits combine or blend to produce a different trait
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Incomplete Dominance
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Traits that are controlled by genes on the sex chromosome
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Sex-linked trait
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Experimented with pea plants to discover how traits are inherited
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Mendel
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When there are more than two alleles for a particular gene
(blood types)
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Multiple alleles
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The visible characteristics of an inherited trait
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Phenotype
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More than 2 genes are responsible for producing a trait
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Polygenic inheritance
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The result when two alleles for a trait are the same
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Purebred
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The trait that is masked when a dominant trait is present
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Recessive
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Formed by the union of 2 gametes
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Zygot
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What did Mendel use to test inheritance of traits
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pea plants
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How many factors did Mendel believe combined to make one trait
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2
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What do we call the particles Mendel identified as factors
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genes
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Give 2 examples of gametes
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sperm, pollen, egg
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How many chromosomes are in human cells
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46
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How many pairs of chromosomes
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23
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Is the number of chromosomes the same in all organisms
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no
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How many chromosomes are found in a sperm or egg cell
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23
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What is a Punnett Square used for
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finding genetic possibilities for an organism
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In genetics, capital letters represent ______ traits
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dominant
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In genetics, small letters represent
____ traits
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recessive
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The letters Bb would represent a
___ trait
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hybrid
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The letters bb would represent a
___ trait
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purebred
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Give an example of a human characteristic that is inherited by single genes and only shows the dominant or recessive trait.
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attached or hanging earlobes
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Name a characteristic that is an example of polygenic inheritance
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hair color, height, body build, intelligence
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In humans the # ___ pair of chromosomes indicates the sex of a child
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23
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The female sex chromosomes are _____
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XX
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The male sex chromosomes are ____
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XY
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A ____ contributes the chromosome that determines the sex of the child
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father
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Give an example of a sex-linked trait
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color blindness
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The ___ is usually responsible for passing on a sex-linked trait
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mother
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Is color-blindness a dominant or recessive trait
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recessive
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Untitled Slide
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Untitled Slide
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