apa formatting

why are citations important?

references page

reference page rules

• centered on its own page - no bold or underline
• double space all entries
• if a single reference is longer than one line, other lines are indented
• authors' names are flipped around.  Last name, initials, "Swift, T."
• All citations are in alphabetical order by last name of author.

To reference a book....
Author's Last name, First initial. (year). Title. Editor's first initial. Last Name, (Ed.). City, State of Publication: Press

Chapter of a book....
Author Last, First Initial (Year). Chapter title. In Editor's first Initial. Last Name (Ed.), Book title. (start page-end page). City, State of publication: Press

Website...
Authors Last name, first initial. (Year, Month Day Last Updated). Title of document. Retrieved on Today's Date from http:// web address

Academic journal

Tips

• write your paper... then find the citation sources
• google scholar is great
• wikipedia is bad... but maybe you can look at some of their citations
• write clear and concise. If you use thesaurus baby kittens die
• if you finish a paper early, I can take a look at it

Production issues

adam smith again...

businesses are tempted to collude

capital-intensive production can be more efficient

as number of competitors drop

benefits of an efficient production

if there's less competition

mergers

some canadian banks wanted to merge in the 90s

they were worried they couldn't compete against global banks

third party costs

social/third party costs

public-private balance

provider of essential services

they got a little too excited though...

made huge cuts to our public services

regulation is very important