Islamic Empires
Published on Feb 11, 2016
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
The Safavid Empire practiced Twelver Shiism, which was a form of Islam that stated that there had been twelve imams, or religious leaders, after Muhammad. The religious leaders said that the twelfth had gone into hiding some time around 874, and would return to spread his true religion. The founder of the empire, Ismail, started the religion, which greatly angered the Ottoman Sunnis.
The Ottoman Turks practiced the Sunni Islam, and had the ultimate goal of becoming ghazi, or Muslim religious warriors. The Turks did persecute the Christians of the Balkans to an extent. They did not force them to give up their religion, but they did require the region to contribute young boys to become part of the Janissary Corps.
The third empire, the Mughal Empire of India, at first had a policy of religious tolerance. Its founder, Babur, had few religious goals, and was more oriented towards fortunes and adventures. Under the rule of Aurangzeb, a devout Muslim, the policy changed, which gave rise to a series of conflicts between the Hindus and Muslims. He demolished several famous Hindu temples and replaced them with Mosques, and taxed Hindus to encourage their conversion.
ADMINISTRATION
In the Empires
The Safavid's ruler of their empire was a shah, which is the equivalent of the Ottoman's sultan. Their government was largely centralized and religion was a big part in that. Twelver Shiism was the official religion of the empire and it was imposed by the ruler at all time, and force was used when it was necessary. Later on in the empire's reign, trade between other countries started to be an encouraged and military institutions were reformed to recover after battles and better prepare themselves for next time.
Photo by *Muhammad*
The Ottoman's highest ruler was a sultan, and one of the most famous of them was Suleyman the Magnificent. Expansion was very important to the rulers of the Ottoman Empire and it proved successful as they started expanding and conquering other lands. Their structure slightly changed though as they started to expand. A separation of powers was established with the "military" government carrying out higher executive functions. Local "vilayets" were controlled by governors.
The Mughal Empire was a very centralized government. The centralization made it easier to keep the country stable, and it's type of government lasted until the 19th century. In the beginning of the empire's reign each area was individually run and kept separate from the other areas. Eventually, this proved to have room for problems and conflict, which was why Akbar, a great ruler of theirs, started the better constructed centralized government.
Photo by betta design
Agriculture comprised the bases of all three empires. The food surplus was used to fund armies and the administration system. The main crops grown in the empires were rice and wheat, as well as American crops such as maize, coffee, tobacco, potatoes, and tomatoes. The drinking of coffee and the smoking of tobacco grew in popularity, and businessmen established coffee houses, which eventually became a popular social institution.
Photo by marfis75
