Participles and Ablative Absolute

There are 3 Types of participles

• Present Active Participle PAP
• Future Active Participle FAP  
• Perfect Passive Participle P^3

PAP

• 2nd p.p. , - re,"ns" for Nom. "nt" for Gen--Abl. 1st/2nd/3rd Declensions
• means ____ ing 
• describes the noun as doing something
• Ex. I told the crying child to stop , here the PAP is "crying"
• For 3rd io /4th there is an "ie" before the "ns" or "nt"

FAP

• describes noun with  what is will do in the future
• about to ___
• ex. The slave about to work gathers his tools, FAP is "about to work"
• 4th p.p. add "ur "berfore "us" , laborare-> laboraturus a um  
• if 4th pp has -urus it is already a FAP , you can't make it into a P^3

P^3

• having been ___ed 
• has 1st/2nd declension endings 
• changes Gender 
• uses 4th pp
• The man having been called runs, having been called is P^3 

Ablative Absolute

Ablative Absolute

• usually located at the beginning of a sentence 
• tells the circumstance of the rest of the sentence 
• it can not stand on its own 
• When translated it uses SWWAB, Since When While After Because 
• 90% of the time the participle and noun are in the Ablative case 

example of Ablative Absolute

• Puero legente Aeneid, ridet saepissime. 
• SWWAB is reading the Aeneid he laughs very often 
• SINCE the boy is reading the Aeneid he laughs very often.