Narcolepsy
Published on Nov 18, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Description
- A neurological disorder that affects the control of sleep and wakefulness
- Causes excessive sleepiness and sleep attacks
- Sleep episodes can occur at any time
Photo by Marco P. Sanchez
Symptoms
- Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Cataplexy (Sudden loss of muscle tone)
- Sleep paralysis
- Hallucinations
- Disturbed nocturnal sleep
- Leg jerks, nightmares, and restlessness
CATAPLEXY
-triggered by strong emotions such as fear, anger, surprise, and laughing.
SLEEP PARALYSIS
- a temporary inability to move while waking up or falling asleep
-triggered by strong emotions such as fear, anger, surprise, and laughing.
SLEEP PARALYSIS
- a temporary inability to move while waking up or falling asleep
Photo by William Brawley
Cause
- Unknown
- Could be:
- Hereditary
- Flu vaccine or Flu itself
- combination of genetic and environmental factors
- HLA or HLA-related gene defect
HYPOCRETINS
-brain chemicals that help sustain alertness and prevent REM sleep from occurring at the wrong times
-help you stay awake
-REM sleep is the intervals during sleep when dreams occur and when muscles become inactive.
HLA:
Associated with specialized immune cells known as T cells, which attack and destroy any foreign cells identified by HLA molecules. Narcolepsy-related HLA and T-cell variants cause the immune system to somehow “gang up” to kill orexin/hypocretin cells in the hypothalamus.
-brain chemicals that help sustain alertness and prevent REM sleep from occurring at the wrong times
-help you stay awake
-REM sleep is the intervals during sleep when dreams occur and when muscles become inactive.
HLA:
Associated with specialized immune cells known as T cells, which attack and destroy any foreign cells identified by HLA molecules. Narcolepsy-related HLA and T-cell variants cause the immune system to somehow “gang up” to kill orexin/hypocretin cells in the hypothalamus.
Photo by NIAID
Low levels of hypocretin
-brain chemicals that help sustain alertness and prevent REM sleep from occurring at the wrong times
-help you stay awake
-REM sleep is the intervals during sleep when dreams occur and when muscles become inactive.
-help you stay awake
-REM sleep is the intervals during sleep when dreams occur and when muscles become inactive.
Diagnosis
- Sleep history
- Sleep record
- Multiple sleep latency test
- Polysomnography
POLYSOMNOGRAPHY
A test is done in a sleep laboratory, where brain waves, eye movements, muscle activity, heartbeat, blood oxygen levels and respiration are monitored electronically
MULTIPLE SLEEP LATENCY TEST
-four 20-minute opportunities to nap
-narcoleptics fall asleep in approximately five minutes or less, and transition in REM sleep during at least two of the four naps
-normal subjects take an average of 12 to 14 minutes to fall asleep, and show no REM sleep.
A test is done in a sleep laboratory, where brain waves, eye movements, muscle activity, heartbeat, blood oxygen levels and respiration are monitored electronically
MULTIPLE SLEEP LATENCY TEST
-four 20-minute opportunities to nap
-narcoleptics fall asleep in approximately five minutes or less, and transition in REM sleep during at least two of the four naps
-normal subjects take an average of 12 to 14 minutes to fall asleep, and show no REM sleep.
Photo by Lisa Brewster
Treatment
- No cure
- Medications will reduce the symptoms (modafinil)
- Behavoural and medical therapy help control symptoms
- Support from other people
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Famous People
Thomas Edison
Photo by Celestine Chua
Harriet Tubman
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Jimmy Kimmel
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Sources
- http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/basics/definition/...
- http://brainfoundation.org.au/disorders/narcolepsy
- https://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-disorders-problems/narcolepsy-and-sleep
- http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/narcolepsy/what-is-narcolepsy/science-o...
- http://www.ranker.com/list/famous-people-with-narcolepsy/celebrity-lists?va...
- http://www.brainfacts.org/sensing-thinking-behaving/sleep/articles/2012/nar...
- http://img.medscape.com/article/810/786/Slide4.png
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