Eleanor Roosevelt
Published on Nov 18, 2015
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Eleanor Roosevelt
Written by: Lucas Mayer
Eleanor Roosevelt was the former first lady of the united states.
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Eleanor Roosevelt was an American politician. She was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, holding the post from March 1933 to April 1945.
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Born: October 11, 1884, New York City, NY
Died: November 7, 1962, Manhattan, New York City, NY
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A member of the Roosevelt and Livingston families, Eleanor had an unhappy childhood, suffering the deaths of both parents and one of her brothers at a young age. At 15
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She attended Allenwood Academy in London, and was deeply influenced by feminist headmistress Marie Souvestre.
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Returning to the US, she married her fifth cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in 1905.
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After discovering Franklin's affair with Lucy Mercer in 1918, Eleanor resolved to seek fulfillment in a public life of her own. She persuaded Franklin to stay in politics following his partial paralysis from polio, and began to give speeches and campaign in his place.
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After Franklin's election as Governor of New York, Eleanor regularly made public appearances on his behalf. She had also shaped the role of First Lady during her tenure and beyond.
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Roosevelt was a controversial First Lady for her outspokenness, particularly her stance on racial issues.
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She advocated for expanded roles for women in the workplace, the civil rights of African Americans and Asian Americans, and the rights of World War II refugees.
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Following her husband's death, Eleanor remained active in politics for the rest of her life. She pressed the US to join and support the United Nations and became one of its first delegates. She served as the first chair of the UN Commission on Human Rights, and oversaw the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Later she chaired the John F. Kennedy administration's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women.
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By her death, she was regarded as "one of the most esteemed women in the world" and "the object of almost universal respect". In 1999, she was ranked in the top ten of Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century.
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Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born at 56 West 37th Street in New York City, to socialites Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt (1860–1894) and Anna Rebecca Hall (1863–1892).
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From an early age, she preferred to be called by her middle name (Eleanor). Through her father, she was a niece of President Theodore "T.R." Roosevelt, Jr. (1858–1919). Through her mother, she was a niece of tennis champions Valentine Gill "Vallie" Hall III (1867–1934) and Edward Ludlow Hall.
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Eleanor had two younger brothers: Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt, Jr. (1889–1893) and Gracie Hall Roosevelt (1891–1941). She also had a half brother, Elliott Roosevelt Mann
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Roosevelt was born into a world of immense wealth and privilege, as her family was part of New York high society called the "swells".
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Her mother died from diphtheria on December 7, 1892, and Elliott Jr. died of the same disease the following May. Her father, an alcoholic confined to a sanitarium, died on August 14, 1894 when he tried to jump from a window during a fit of delirium tremens. He survived the fall, but died from a seizure. Her brother Hall would also suffer from alcoholism. Eleanor's childhood losses left her prone to depression throughout her life.
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After the deaths of her parents, Eleanor was raised in the household of her maternal grandmother, Mary Livingston Ludlow (1843–1919) of the Livingston family in Tivoli, New York.pop
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n the summer of 1902, Eleanor encountered her father's fifth cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945), on a train to Tivoli, New York.[17] The two began a secret correspondence and romance, and became engaged on November 22, 1903.
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