NERVOUS SYTEM

REFLEXES

• Grading of reflexes
• 4+ hyperactive
• 3+ brisker than average, not necessarily abnormal
• 2+ average, normal
• 1+ diminished, low normal
• 0 No response

BICEPS REFLEX

TRICEPS REFLEX

SUPINATOR (BRACHIORADIALIS)

ANKLE REFLEX

KNEE REFLEX

CUTANEOUS STIMULATION REFLEX

ABDOMINAL REFLEX

PLANTAR RESPONSE

ANAL REFLEX S2,3,4

• With dullobject, stroke outward from anus in 4 quadrants.
• Loss of reflex suggests cauda equina

SPECIAL TECHNIQUES

BRUDZINKI'S SIGN

• Px supine, flex head & neck towards chest
• (+) flexion of hips and knees

KERNIG'S SIGN

• Flex one px legs at hip and knee, then straighten knee
• (+) resistance/ pain