At it's height, intellectual freedom was a major part.
The empire declined as orthodoxy began to become a larger political force. In the early 18th century, Afghan people seized the capital of Esfahan and the Shah (king) fled.
Organizations such as Muslim Advocates and Council on American-Islamic Relations seek to educate people by showing how they're not all jihadists who want to destroy everything non-Isamic
It may be difficult for Muslim teens to maintain their identities due to the steryotyping of Muslims.