SCIENCE PRESENTATION

ACIDS & BASES

• Acids are substances that give off hydrogen ions
• Acids have a very sour taste
• Acids are found in items such as soap, sodas, and lemons
• Bases are substances that accept hydrogen ions
• Bases have a very sour taste and are found in lots of cleaning products

THE Ph SCALE

• The pH scale is a scale that measures acids and bases
• If a substance was from 0-6 on the scale it would be a acid (if the number is close to 0, it means its very acidic)
• If a substance was from 8-14 on the scale it would be a base
• If a substance was 7 on the scale, it would be neutral
• If a substance is neutral, it means that an acid and a base mixed

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WHAT IS ACID RAIN?

• Acid rain is formed when sulfer dioxide and nitrogen oxides are releases from power plants in to the sky
• This then mixes with clouds to form acid rain
• Acid rain isnt only rain, it can also be in the form of dust, fog, snow, or mist
• Caused by pollution in the air

WHY IS ACID RAIN BAD?

• Eats away at anything made of magnesium so we dont make things out of it
• Erodes and kills trees which is bad for the environment and the animals
• Bad for us because we need the oxygen from trees to breathe

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WHAT ARE RADIATION WAVES?

• They are waves that carry energy
• They have a certain amount of energy in each wave
• The faster and smaller the wavelength, the more energy the wave has
• There are 7 different types of electromagnetic waves

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM WAVES

• Radio waves: waves that carry televidion and the radio
• Microwaves: heats the food that we eat
• Infrared waves: waves that the sun gives off (in TV remotes)

VISIBLE LIGHT WAVES

• They are the only electromagnetic waves that we can see
• We sometimes see them in CDs with the rainbow colors
• Each color has a different wave length

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM WAVES

• Ultraviolet waves: (invisible) they cause our sunbruns
• X- Rays: allow doctors to look inside our bodies
• Gamma rays: doctors use them to kill diseased cells

WHAT ARE UV RAYS?

• A form of energy that comes from the sun
• Keep earth at a good temperature
• Range of wavelengths is 290-400 nanometers

WHAT IS BAD ABOUT UV RAYS?

• They cause sunburns and eye cataracts
• 90% of skin cancer is caused by them
• Damage immune system

The order of the most powerful waves the the least:
1. Gamma rays
2. X-rays
3. Ultraviolet rays(UV)
4. Visible light waves
5. Infrared waves
6. Microwaves
7. Radio waves

WHAT IS OZONE?

• A toxic gas with 3 oxygen atoms joined together
• A layer in the atmosphere
• Filters UV radiation

WHAT DOES OZONE DO?

• It is a pollutant when it gets too near earth
• Can basically cause a sunburn inside of you because it damages cells
• Protects the earth from too many UV rays

Ozone cycle:
When UV rays go through the ozone by splitting atoms apart, then forming back together again.

WHAT ARE Cfcs?

HUMAN EFFECTS ON THE OZONE

• By using CFCs like refrigerators, deodorant, and conditioner
• Also by using planes, jets, cars, and trucks
• When we use these, we are making the ozone layer thinner
• If the ozone layer is thinner, it is becoming less of a sheild

THANKS FOR WATCHING!