THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIA

HERNAN CORTES
Hernan Cortes led an expedition to Mexcio in 1519 inorder to conquest it's land. He was also searching for gold. He was trying to overthrow the Aztec empire, establish his own empire, and find valuable resources to trade.

Political Structure in The Americas
The Spanish administrators established two centers of authority in Latin America, one in Mexico, and the other in Peru. Each center was governed by a viceroy who was responsible, to the king of Spain. Viceroys were subjected to review of courts(audienceas), where many of their policies were either approve or vetoed. Audienceas also conducted reviews of the viceroys' performances at the end of their terms, and thus decided whether they needed to be punished for doing a bad job.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• Peninsulares - migrants born in Europe
• Criollos(Creoles) - people born in the Americas of Iberian parents.
• Meztisos - people with European and Native American parents.
• Imported salves and conquered peoples.

BRAZIL
The Portuguese showed a heavy interest in Brazil, because of its sugar crops, and vast tree resources. The Portuguese king sent nobles, a governor, and skilled farmers to work in Brazil.

EUROPEANS VS NATIVES
European peoples often clashed with natives of the Americas, who did not appreciate intrusions in their hunting ground. Becasue of this, natives raided many farms and villages of the French and English, as well as massacred hundred/thousands of settlers. However, by 1800, a variation of European settlers was able to gradually displace indigenous peoples.

TREATY OF TORSEDILLAS
The Treaty of Torsedillas divided the world under an imaginary north-south line, drawn 370 degrees west of Cape Verde Islands. Spain was given land west of that line, while Portugal was given land, east of that line.