Biochemical basis of life.
Published on Nov 18, 2015
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Biochemical basis of life.
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inorganic: nonliving things in an environment. Rocks are nonliving organisms.
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Macromolecules: Large molecules that makeup living organisms. Bread is a type of carbohydrate which is a type of macromolecule.
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carbohydrate: an organic molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen used as a source of energy. Sugars, the main component of complex carbohydrates.
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biochemical reaction: changes one or more substances into one or more different substances. table salt is an example of a biochemical reaction.
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Monomers: a small molecule that may be chemically bonded to other like molecules to form a polymer.
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lipids: organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates, they will not dissolve in water. wax is a lipid that is waterproof.
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protein: an organic molecule with many important functions; the main structural component. proteins form the main structural component of skeletal muscle.
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amino acid: organic molecules that are the building blocks of protein. The way amino acids are arranged depends on the instructions given in the DNA of each cell.
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peptide bond: the covalent bond between the amino acids in a protein. proteins are longer polypeptide chains of up to 3000 amino acids.
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Enzyme: a biological catalyst that enables chemical reactions to take place in the body. The active site of the enzyme and the shape of an substrate fit together like the pieces of a puzzle.
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Ionic Bond: bond between atoms that have lost or gained electrons. Saltwater is an example of an ionic bond.
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covalent bond: a bond formed when elements share electrons. The sharing of this puppy represents the covalent bond.
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substrate: the substance that is changed by an enzyme. The specific between an enzyme and the substrate is often called the lock and key.
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water: the most abundant compound in most living organisms. one property of water is that it's sticky.
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Ions:An atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons so that is has a positive or negative charge. Ions have an electric charge.
PH: a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. Lemon juicehas an ph level of 2.5.
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hydrogen bond: weakest type of bond. hydrogen bonds form between water molecules.
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ATP: adenosine triphosphate-a chemical compund used by living organisms to store and release energy. It is made when organisms break down food such as glucose and starch.
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aerobic: requires the use of oxygen. plants give off oxygen.
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anaerobic: does not require oxygen. takes place within the cytoplasm of a cell.
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Glycolysis: the first step in cellular respirationthat takes place in the cytoplasm and converts one molecule of glucose to a net of two molecules of ATP.
cellular respiration: process used in cells to break down glucose and produce ATP.
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lactic acid: protein found in both animals cells and some bacteria cells. some lactic acid builds up in muscle cells.
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photosynthesis: process plants go through in order to make food. The sun powers the process.
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autotroph: organisms that usually use energy directly from the sun.
plants are a most common autotroph.
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autotroph:organisms that usually use energy directly from the sun to produce glucose. plants are a most common autotroph.
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heterotroph: organisms that obtain energy by consuming plants and other organisms. animals are a most common heterotroph.
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