CHAPTER 19

SECTION 1

KEEPIN' IT OLD REGIME

• 1st Estate-Clergy
• 2nd Estate-Nobles
• 3rd Estate-Bourgeoisie and Peasants
• Only one group paid taxes
• One group was marginalized

ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS

LOUIS XVI IS A HOT MESS!

• In lots of debt from wars
• Poor harvests
• Weak leadership
• Poor Necker!
• Can't manage to tax the rich

THE ESTATES-GENERAL

• Sort of like Parliament
• Each Estate got 1 vote
• Wrote CAHIERS...
• List of grievances

TENNIS COURT OATH

• Wealthy 3rd Estate members
• Keep getting outvoted
• Declared themselves the National Assembly
• Get locked out of meeting
• Meet in tennis court-vow to write constitution

BASTILLE DAY

• July 14th, 1789
• Mob attacked the prison
• Symbol of the Revolution
• Still a holiday
• Depicted in ATOTC

SECTION 2

STAGES OF REVOLUTION

• Moderate Phase-Constitutional Monarchy
• Radical Phase-Reign of Terror
• Reactionary Phase-the Directory
• Consolidation Phase-Napoleon

REVOLTIN' TIMES

• Political instability
• Huge famine

THE GREAT FEAR

PARIS DIVIDED

• Moderates-led by Lafayette
• Radicals-Paris Commune
• Become Sans-culottes and Jacobins

MODERATE REFORMS

• Abolished feudalism
• Declaration of the Rights of Man
• Women's March
• King goes back to Paris

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY REFORMS

• Reorganize Church
• Constitution of 1791...
• Limited monarchy with a Legislative Assembly
• Most people thought they were all set
• But then Louis flees...

SO THEY HAVE TO CHOP HIS HEAD OFF!

SECTION 3

RADICAL RULIN'

• Riots-September Massacres
• Suffrage-right to vote
• Kill off Louis and Marie

COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY

• There are lots of threats to France
• The 12 member group gets people organized
• But then they start beheading people
• Led by Maximilien Robespierre
• He wanted a "republic of virtue"

REIGN OF TERROR

• 40,000+ people beheaded
• Guillotine fevah!
• Mostly poor people
• Lasted for about a year
• Ends with the death of Robespierre

SOOO...THAT FREAKED PEOPLE OUT

MODERATE MAYHEM

• 5 guy Directory
• 2-House legislature
• Mostly run by middle class
• Chaos and corruption
• Made people turn to Napoleon

WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND DAILY LIFE

• Women gained/lost rights
• "Citizens" wore caps
• Created NATIONALISM...
• Pride in your country
• Social reforms: schools, programs, secularization

HOW DOES NAPOLEON FIT INTO ALL OF THIS?

SECTION 4

WE'RE GOING QUICK, SINCE WE JUST DID THIS

I NEED A HERO

• Napoleon is a military genius
• War hero with ambition
• Overthrew the corrupt Directory
• COUP D'ÉTAT: sudden seizure of power
• People voted in a PLEBISCITE

REFORMS

• Order, security, and efficiency
• Built up infrastructure
• Public schools
• Meritocracy
• CONCORDANT recognized religious freedom

PEOPLE LOVE HIM!

NAPOLEONIC CODE

• Had Enlightenment principles
• But, valued order over rights
• The ladies lost what rights they'd earned

EMPIRE BUILDING

• Ended up controlling...
• The Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Germany
• Also Prussia, HRE and more
• Put his relatives on the throne
• The French loved it....everyone else, not so much

SECTION 5

NAPOLEON'S 3 MISTAKES

• BLOCKADE of England
• PENINSULAR WAR
• INVASION OF RUSSIA

BUT BEFORE IT WAS OVER...

THE RISE AND FALL

• Napoleon loses Battle of Leipzig
• Gets exiled to Elba
• Comes back for 100 DAYS
• Loses Battle of Waterloo
• Dies alone

LEGACY

• Carried out revolution reforms
• Just not for everyone
• Spread revolutionary ideals
• Sort of helped found Germany
• Sold Louisiana Purchase to US

ALSO SORT OF DEVELOPED THE EURO

BUT...WE CAN'T HAVE SHORT GUYS RUNNING STUFF

CONGRESS OF VIENNA

• Metternich, Alexander I, Castlereagh and Talleyrand,
• Balance of Power (created countries)
• Restoration of monarchs (LEGITIMACY)
• Didn't count on the power of nationalism
• But overall, very successful until WWI

ANY QUESTIONS?

GOOD LUCK TOMORROW!