CHAPTER 5-ASIA AND tHE aMERIcAS

TULUM

• TULUM means wall or fence in Mayan Language
• Located on the Yacium peninsula

LESSON 1 INDUS VALLEY

PREVIEW

• The subcontinent's oldest civilization began in the Indus Valley.
• The Indus and Ganges rive begin in the Himalayas and flow southward.

SUBCONTINENT

• A LARGE LAND AREA ISOLATED FROM THE REST OF THE CONTINENT.

EARLY CIVILZATION

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• The Indus Valley civilization is also known as the Harappan civilization ,after Harappa,the first of the cites to be excavated in 1920. the biggest city's were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro each having as many as 80,000 in each town.The Harappan built mounds in the Indus Valley.The mounds were above sea level and they lived on the mounds.They also built walls around the city for defense and also to regulate the trade.
• They had dentistry,writing system, weights and measure.

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• There are indications of complex decisions being taken and implemented including the following;extraordinary uniformity of Harappan artifacts as evident in pottery,seals,weights and bricks.

What are the three Major theories ?

FIRST THEORIE

• There was a single state,given the similarity in artifacts,the evidence for planned settlements,the standardized ratio of brick size,and the establishment of settlements near sources of raw materials.

SECOND THEORIE

• There was a single ruler but several;Mohenjo-Daro had a separate ruler,Harappa,another,and so forth.

THIRD THEORIE

• Harappan society had no rulers,and everybody enjoyed equal status.

THE INDUS ECONOMY

REGULATE

COMMERCIAL

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• City folk traded with nearby farming villages and distant mining communities.They traded cotton,lumber,grain,and livestock.People used river barges,pack animals,and animal drawn carriages for transportation.

ARTISAN

ARTISANS

• They used bones,shells and ivory for Jewelry.Game pieces and trimming were used for furniture.Silver and clay were used to make figurines of animals or people. Limestone was used to create figurines of animals or people.Copper and bronze were used for pots,pans and tools.They also made stone seals engraved with animals or messages that were used by merchants.

THE CITY OF MOHENJO-DARO(MODEL OF URBAN PLANTING)

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• We elegantly designed using a grid system by builders who used exact measurements.It was divided into two parts:the eastern side is where people lived and western part was where religious ceremonies or governmental meeting took place.

THE MYSTERIOUS END OF THE HARRAPPAN CIVILZATION

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• Theories in regard to the end of this civilization include:
• First,in 1700 B.C.,civilizations broke up into smaller cultures possibly due to flooding associated with change in the river paths.
• A second theory is that a natural disaster(monsoon)destroyed the major cities.
• Finally,others believe the Harappans were assimilated into other cultures
• Archeologists have found Harappan written writing but no one has been able to decipher.

LESSON 2

PREVIEW

LOESS

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• The Huang He River also known as the Yellow River carries large amounts of loess.
• China's Sorrow

XIA DYNASTY

• Yu the great was born out of the great flood
• Yu organized leaders of the village who ordered their people to cut channels to drain the flood waters to the sea.King Shun was so impressed that he passed his throne on to Yu.Generation after generation passed down stories of the Xia dynasty.Yu was said to have been the King of Xia(Syah)dynasty.

THE SHANG DYNASTY

• Tang the successful conquered thousands of villages thereby creating the Shang dynasty.Shang armies were equipped with bronze including bronze tipped spears.Archeologist have found that the ancient city of Zhengzhou was surrounded by walls 60* wide and 30* high.They made bronze containers,carved marble and jade,and made silk fabrics.They were polytheistic.
• They believed that the spirits of their spirits of their ancestors could guide them through life and seek from the Gods

MORE SHANG DYNASTY

• Shang kings sought counsel from a diviner who could answer questions about the future by interpreting oracle bones.The Question was written on the object with a hot metal rod placed in a hole on the object that caused the object to crack. The diviner would read or interpret the cracks.

THE FALL OF SHANG

• King Zhouxin was the last king of Shang dynasty.He was a tyrant ruler controlling,slaves and common people by creating laws that treated the people harshly. Wu, a Zhou tribe leader, claimed the heaven ordered him to overthrow the Shang dynasty because of Zhouzins lack of virtues,thoughts and actions for the benefit of other people. The Book of Documents provides for a Mandate of Heaven to rule over China's people that the Zhou interpreted as a mandate ,or right to rule, as long as they ruled with virtue.

EARLY CHINESE WRITING

• They used characters or symbols that represented words. They had 3,000 symbols and we only deciphered 1,000 of them

LESSON 3

OLMEC

• The olmecs founded the oldest civilization in the Americas and many other people borrowed their innovations.Therefore, it is known as the "mother civilization." The olmecs lived in Mexico and parts of Meso america.

MORE OLMECS

• They first settled along coastal rivers, made houses out of reeds and grasses. They fished and relied upon seasonal flooding for fertile soil to farm. They developed a counting system and calendar to keep track.

GOD IN OLMEC RELIGION

• The Jaguar was the most important God.It was believed to bring rain.

RUBBER BALL

• Just like football and soccer but the ball is very hard and you try to get this heavy ball into a small hoop about 10.ft over the ground.

THE MOTHER CIVILIZATION

• The Olmecs cultural traits were cultural borrowed into other civilization.They had a government.They had a organized religion.The traits they had were believed to be shared all over Meso America .

THE MAYANS

• The Mayan civilization started as a simple farming culture in the rain forest.The Mayans borrowed many cultural traits from the olmecs. The Mayan writing consist of glyphs.The Mayans improved on the olmecs numbers.The Mayan made paper out the bark of wild fig trees.Some Maya migrated both and west. During the A.D. 900s a new Mayan civilization grew in the northern part of the Yucatan Peninsula. Over time,The Mayan civilization declined ,but did not disappear. Today nearly 3 million Mayans live in Central America and southern Mexico.