PArkinson's Diease

What is a dysfunctional cell

• It is a cell that is not operating properly or normally  
• A cell that does something else that its not supposed to

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What does a dysfunctional cell do

• A dysfunctional disturbs the flow of other cells and what there jobs are.
• It also does not do a job properly making something like a human organ fail
• It fails doing its job and does not do what it is supposed to do but does
• What it wants

What is parkinson's disease

• It is a neurological disorder
• Associated with group called motor system disorders
• Affects movement and other main parts of body
• Affects mostly people around 55-75 years of age but can happen when young
• The disease and symptoms will get worse as it progresses 

Parkinson's disease cont...

• Many cells get destroyed or damaged 
• main part is the Substantia Nigra
• nervous cells are one of the main part as it affects the movement
• Shortage of dopamine causes movement problems
• Dopamine is a neurotransmitter 

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How it orginated

• Disease known since the ancient times(especially in Ancient India)
• No research done until 1817 by a London doctor named James Parkinsons
• Originates in all parts of the body 
• Mostly in the brain,nerves,substantia nigra 
• Can occur mostly anywhere in the nervous part of the body

Risk-factors

• Age ( 55 and up get 10% higher and 40 and under 10% lower)
• Gender ( more men get this disease then woman)
• If your family/relatives have this disease
• What race you are from (ex. Indian/American/African)
• Coffee drinkers and smokers have a 30% less chance

Symptoms

• Primary symptoms and secondary symptoms
• Tremors, Rigidity, Bradykinesia, Sialorrhea 
• Muscle freeze

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Treatment/diagnosis

• Sometimes there are no treatments
• Physical/speech therapy
• Surgical treatment
• Medicine (includes levodopa)

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Social factors

• Mental abilities can get affected 
• slurred speech can impact how you communicate  
• Affects in relationships or jobs

Envirmonmental factors

• Rural living (water well and pesticides)
• Herbicides and fungicide 
• Heroin contaminated with MPTP
• Synthetic neurotoxin called Parkinsons 
• Manganese, carbon monixde 

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ecomnomic factors

• US spends 10.8 billion for medical care/research 
• drugs may cost $6,000 for patients
• $25,000 for surgical costs
• $100,000 for home care per person.
• In total that is a lot of money

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Genetic factors

• 4% to 9% higher chance if parents have this disease
• Genetic testing is done in laboratories 
• Most cases are sporadic

how are these cells harmful

• These cells can be very harmful to the body in many ways
• If symptoms get very serious, chance of death
• Depends where it has affected, function of body parts may be changed
• Changes how your body works
• You also sometimes may feel pain which is sevre 

Is it hereditary

• Yes thid disease id hereditary
• This disease can be passed on by any parent/relative
• Maternal inheritance can occur when genes are passed to child
• 1 parent could have the disease to be tranferred
• Parents could also be carriers meaning have mutated genes

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conclusion

• Dysfunctional cells can be harmful if not treated
• Always ask a doctor for help to educate you about the disease

sources

• http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/basics/def...
• http://www.parkinson.ca/site/c.kgLNIWODKpF/b.5184077/k.CDD1/What_is_Parkins...
• http://www.parkinson.ca/atf/cf/%7B9ebd08a9-7886-4b2d-a1c4-a131e7096bf8%7D/P...
• http://www.medicinenet.com/parkinsons_disease/article.htm
• http://www.parkinson.bc.ca/Parkinsons-Disease-Fact-Sheet

sources

• http://www.parkinson.bc.ca/Parkinsons-Disease
• http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/parkinsons-disease/
• http://www.webmd.com/parkinsons-disease/tc/parkinsons-disease-topic-overvie...
• http://www.cirm.ca.gov/our-progress/parkinsons-disease-fact-sheet