1. Penal Classification
of Violent Deaths

2. Pathological Classification
of the Causes of Death

presented by:
RAPHAEL JAMES F. DIZON

PENAL CLASSIFICATION

1. Accidental Death

The following are exempt
from criminal liability:

4. Any person who, while performing a lawful act with DUE CARE, causes an injury by mere accident without fault or intention causing it.

2. Negligent Death

Felonies are committed not only means of deceit but also by means of fault.

There is fault when the wrongful act results from imprudence, negligence, lack of foresight, or lack of skill.

3. Suicidal Death

No punishment.

Giving Assistance to Suicide

Any person who shall assist another to commit suicide shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor.

If such person lends his assistance to another to the extent of doing the killing himself, he shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal.

However if the suicide is not consummated, the penalty of arresto mayor in its medium and maximum periods shall be imposed.

4. Parricidal Death

Requisites of the Crime:

• A person was killed by the offender.
• The person killed was the father, mother,  or child
• whether legitimate or illegitimate
• or other legitimate ascendants or descendants
• or spouse of the offender.

Punishment:

5. Infaticidal Death

Requisites of the Crime:

• A person was killed.
• A child less than three days old.

Punishment:

Mitigating Circumstance:

• Committed by the mother of the child
• for the purpose of concealing for dishonor
• Penalty is prision correccional
• in its medium and maximum periods

Mitigating Circumstance

• Committed by the maternal grandparents
• for the same purpose
• Penalty is prision mayor.

6. Murder

Requisites for the Crime:

• The offender killed the victim
• Not parricide or infanticide
• With intent to kill the victim
• Attended by any of the Qualifying Circumstances

Qualifying Circumstances

• With treachery
• In consideration of a price, reward or promise
• By means of inundation, fire, poison, etc.
• With evident premidation
• With cruelty

Punishment:

7. Homicidal Death

Requisites of the Crime:

• The victim of a criminal assault was killed.
• The offender killed w/out any justification.
• There is the intention to kill the victim.
• The killing is not murder, parricide or infanticide.

Punishment:

PATHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

a. Death from Syncope

This is death due to sudden and fatal cessation of the action of the heart with circulation included.

Causes of Death from Syncope

• Coronary Disease
• Rupture of the heart through softened infarct.
• Myocardial degeneration
• Valvular diseases
• Rupture of the aortic and other aneurysm

Causes of Death from Syncope

• Systematic embolism in bacterial endocarditis
• Congenital heart diseases of newborn
• Reflex inhibition of the heart
• Arterial hypertension with sclerosis
• Deficiency of blood as in profused hemorrhage

Symptoms of Sycope

• Person falls and remains motionless.
• Face is pale.
• Pulse at the wrist disappears.
• Respiration ceases.
• Person breaks out into cold sweat.

Symptoms of Syncope

• Dimness of vision.
• Pulse rapid.
• The person may be passing into the state of delirium
• Death may be preceded by convulsion
• Vomiting and involuntary movement o the limbs.

b. Death form Asphyxia

Condition in which the supply of oxygen to the blood or to the tissues or to both has been reduced below the normal working level.

Causes of Death from Asphyxia

• Diseases of the respiratory system
• Impaction of foreign bodies in the larynx
• Compression of the larynx
• Pressure on the respiratory tract due to tumor
• Strangulation, suffocation, hanging, drowning

Symptoms of Asphyxia

1. Stage of Increasing Dyspnea:

• Increased rate and depth of respiration
• Rise of blood pressure
• Lost of consciousness
• Contracted pupils

2. Stage of Expiratory Convulsion

• Marked expiratory effort
• Convulsive movement of the limbs
• Gradual lowering of blood pressure

3. Stage of Exhaustion

• The person lies still
• except for occasion deep inspiration.
• Blood pressure falls
• and pupils are dilated

c. Death from Coma

Coma is the state of unconsciousness with insensibility of the pupil and inability to swallow, resulting from the arrest of the functions of the brain.

Causes of Coma

1. Gross Lesions of the Brain

• Depressed fracture
• Apoplexy
• Embolus
• Abscess
• Tumor

2. Poisions

• Uremia
• Cholemia
• Acetonemia
• Ingested morphine
• Ingested Alcohol

Symptoms of Coma

• Person unconscious
• Breathing is stertorous
• Pulse is full but intermittent
• Cold, clammy perspiration
• Imperfect perception of sensory impression

Symptoms of Coma

• Delirium
• Relaxation of all sphincter muscles
• Accumulation of mucous in the respiratory passages

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