People and Technology - Change Over Time
Published on Nov 24, 2015
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Overview
People and technology is the use of tools to make a job or task easier to be done. In the 1600's, all work was done by hand, it was only manual labor, and consisted mostly of farm work. Moving toward the 1900's, technology was more industrialized, and consisted of mostly machines or easier to use tools. These changes were made to make work more manageable, efficient, and productive.
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Agricultural Revolution
The agricultural revolution, which occurred during the 17th and 18th centuries in England, advanced farming technology to make harvests more productive. In 1701, Jethro Tull made a seed drill that was a horse drawn machine that planted seeds in rows and columns to make crops more consistent, and easier to harvest, which makes the farm land more productive. Farmers also created enclosure to maximize farmable land and keep out animals that could potentially destroy crops or kill the animals on the farm. The fences that were put up reduced the number of ruined crops, also making the land more productive.
VARDI, LIANA. "Agricultural Revolution." Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. Ed. John Merriman and Jay Winter. Vol. 1. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006. 24-29. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
"seed drill." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2015. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
Lehning, James R. "Agriculture." Encyclopedia of European Social History. Ed. Peter N. Stearns. Vol. 2: Processes of Change/Population/Cities/Rural Life/State & Society. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. 343-356. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.
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Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution, which took place between the late 1700's and 1800's, was a period of time mostly in England in which factories and mills were built in order to mass produce products more efficiently than working by hand. During the revolution, many inventions were made, including the steam engine and the spinning jenny. The first steam engine was invented in 1698 in England, to help pump water out of coal mines. Robert Fulton(1765-1815) and Richard Trevithick(1771-1833) used steam engines to create boats and trains that transported goods to where they needed to go. The steam engine was a big step in revolutionizing technology, because it made ways of transport much more efficient. The spinning jenny, which was invented in 1768 by James Hargreaves, and was designed to spin threads mechanically, with the accurate movement of human fingers. Both of these inventions were based purely on making work more efficient.
"The Revolution Begins: Steam Engines, Railroads, and Steamboats." Industrial Revolution Reference Library. Ed. James L. Outman, Matthew May, and Elisabeth M. Outman. Vol. 1: Almanac. Detroit: UXL, 2003. 33-61. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.
"Hargreaves, James (d.1786)." Encyclopedia of European Social History. Ed. Peter N. Stearns. Vol. 6: Biographies/Contributors. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. 137-138. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
"The Revolution Begins: Steam Engines, Railroads, and Steamboats." Industrial Revolution Reference Library. Ed. James L. Outman, Matthew May, and Elisabeth M. Outman. Vol. 1: Almanac. Detroit: UXL, 2003. 33-61. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 30 Oct. 2015.
Guillotine
During the French revolution in the late 1700's, early 1800's, the guillotine was invented by Joseph Ignace Guillotin in 1789. This time period, the reign of terror, France was going through many changes that required thousands of people to be killed, and the guillotine was invented as a harsh, but efficient way of doing so. The guillotine was a metal blade secured in a frame that falls fast and accurately decapitates someone. Changes were made in how people were executed because France was in need of a more efficient way of beheading someone, as they executed about thirteen thousand people in the reign of terror, and this period of time within advancements in technology were all about becoming more efficient.
"guillotine." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2015. Web. 11 Dec. 2015.
HANSON, PAUL R. "Reign of Terror." Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. Ed. John Merriman and Jay Winter. Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006. 1950-1952. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.
Schrader, Abby M. "Punishment." Encyclopedia of European Social History. Ed. Peter N. Stearns. Vol. 3: Social Structure/Social Protest/Deviance & Crime/Social Problems. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. 413-427. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.
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