Phases of Matter

Melting Point

• Crystalline solid is temp. at which forces holding crystal lattice together
• Is broken and becomes a liquid

Freezing Point

• Temp. at which a liquid is converted into a crystalline solid

Sublimination

• Process by which a solid turns into a gas
• Does not become a liquid

Deposition

• Process by which a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid

Vaporization

• Process by which a liquid changes into a gas

Condensation

• Process by which a gas changes into a liquid

Atmospheric Pressure

• Mercury
• Barometers- used to measure atmospheric air pressure

Kinetic Molecular Theory

• All particles are in constant motion
• Describes behavior of matter in terms of motion & particles
• Temp. is a measure of avg. kinetic energy of particles
• Gases consist of small particles separated by empty space
• Gas particles are too far apart to experience major attractive forces

Diffusion

• Movement of one material through another
• High concentration to low concentration

Effusion

• Gas escaping through a tiny opening 
• Smaller particles= faster effusion
• Rate of effusion- 1/ sq. root of molar mass