Plants
Published on Nov 23, 2015
No Description
MORE DECKS TO EXPLORE
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
WHAT IS A PLANT?
- Plants are autotrophs
- They are eukaryotes
- They are multicellular
- Have cell walls
- They have chloroplasts and a vacuole
Photo by 55Laney69
ADAPTATIONS FOR LIVING ON LAND.
- Plants must soak up water from soil
- Also, the cuticle helps water from leaking out of it
- Big plants use vascular tissue to transport water and materials
- Rigid cell walls and vascular tissue help support the plants
- Plants have to reproduce
Photo by Stuck in Customs
NONVASCULAR PLANTS
- Plants that lack well-developed systems of tubes
- They are low-growing plants with no roots
- Get water from there surroundings and not from roots
- The three major ones are mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
- They have a thin cell wall and can't grow large
Photo by blmiers2
MOSSES
- There are more than 10,000 species of mosses
- rhizoids anchor the moss to the ground and get water and nutrients from the soil
- They are mostly diverse group of Nonvascular plants
- They live in dark and shady places
- Moss has a stalk that leads to the capsule
Photo by elisbrown
LIVERWORTS
- Liverworts have sporophytes that are too small to see
- There are over 8,000 species of them
- "Wort" means plant in older English
- They often grow on rocks or soil
- They look like a human liver
Photo by Hornet Photography
HORNWORTS
- More than 100 species
- They are usually found on trees and rocks
- They are usually live in damp soil and hide in the grass
- They are named for their slender and curved shape
- Some of them are sporophytes
Photo by loarie
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
- Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails have true vascular tissue
- They can grow tall, unlike mosses
- Their cells have strong cell walls to hold them up
- Vascular tissue help hold it up too
Photo by BlueRidgeKitties
VASCULAR PLANTS
- Over 12,000 species
- Leaves grow upward from the topside of their stem
- The leaves have a coating that keeps the water inside
- It's in the sporophyte stage of a plant
- If it's spores land in a shady, wet place, it goes to a gametophyte
Photo by blhphotography
HORSETAILS
- There are very few species
- There stems are jointed
- There stems have silica in them
- Americans used them to scrub there pots and pans
- They are named horsetails because they look like horse tails
Photo by agaudin
CLUB MOSSES
- They have true roots, leaves, and stems
- They only have a few hundred species
- There life cycle is like a ferns
- Called both, ground pine and princess pine
- They grow near streams and moist woodlands
Photo by dogtooth77
SEED PLANTS
- Rice, peas, and squash are some seed plants we eat
- Oak, pine, and maple trees are seed plants too
- They make most of the oxygen we breath
- They have vascular tissue and use pollen and seeds to reproduce
- They have a complex life cycle
Photo by CarolMunro
VASCULAR TISSUE: PHLOEM/XYLEM
- VASCULAR TISSUE TRANSPORTS FOOD WATER AND NUTRIENTS
- Phloem and xylem are the two types of vascular tissue
- Phloem is the vascular tissue in which the food moves
- Water and minerals travel in xylem
- The roots get the water and minerals from the roots
Photo by Tatcher a Hainu
POLLEN AND SEEDS
- Seed plants make pollen
- Pollen contains sperm, the pollen carries it directly to the egg
- When the egg is fertilized, seeds are produced
- A seed contains the plant, which is protected by a covering
- The seed protects the plant from drying out
Photo by MightyBoyBrian
SEED STRUCTURE
- The three main parts of a seed are the embryo, stored food, and the seed coat
- The embryo has its roots, stems, and leaves
- When the embryo starts to grow more, it uses the stored food until it can make its own using photosynthesis
- Cotyledons is when embryos have one ore more seed leaves
- The seed coat is the coating on the outside of the seed
Photo by eflon
SEED DISPERSAL
- Seed dispersal is when the seeds are scattered somewhere else
- Seeds are dispersed by animals, water, wind, and by being ejected by the plant
- Wind carries them away somewhere further from the plant
- Water carries the seed to a more stable environment
- Animals can get them in there fur and drop them other places
Photo by Steve Snodgrass
GERMINATION
- Germination happens when the embryo pushes from the seed and sprouts
- Germination occurs when a seed soaks up water from the soil and starts growing
- The embryo of the seed uses its stored food to start growing again
- When the seeds are visible, the plant begins to be a seedling
- The seed has a better chance to live when it is dispersed so it doesn't share resources with its parents
Photo by wit
ROOTS
- Most roots, like trees, have good anchors, keeping them in the ground
- The roots functions are to anchor the plant, absorb water and minerals from the soil, and sometimes store food
- The bigger the plant is, the more minerals and water it takes in
- The root cap helps the root from getting damaged by rocks and other stuff that can penetrate the root
- Phloem transports food that is made in the roots and leaves
Photo by mauro.cordioli
STEMS
- The two main functions of the stem is to carry minerals to the leaves and roots and to support the plant
- Stems can be herbaceous or woody
- herbaceous and woods stems have phloem and xylem tissue
- Cambium makes new phloem and xylem
- Xylem makes most of the "wood"
Photo by chefranden
LEAVES
- Leaves use photosynthesis to make food by capturing the suns light
- Stoma means "mouth". Stoma look like mouths
- Carbon dioxide enters a leaf when the stoma opens while oxygen and water vapor exit it
- Cells in the upper part of the plant have chloroplasts because there is much more sun at the top than the bottom
- Transpiration happens when water evaporates in the plant leaves
Photo by Edgar Barany
GYMNOSPERMS
- Gymnosperms are seed plants that make naked seeds
- All gymnosperms produce other naked seeds
- Many gymnosperms have needle-like leaves
- They are the oldest seed plant
- There are only four groups that exist that we know of
Photo by prayingmother
EXAMPLES OF GYMNOSPERMS
- The four types are cycads, conifers, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes
- Cycads can grow bigger than a football field. Over 175 million years ago, most plants were cycads
- Conifers keep there needles/leaves for as long as they live
- Only one species of ginkgoes is on this earth. That type is called ginkgo biloba
- Gnetophytes grow in deserts and can live over 1000 years
Photo by gjshepherd_br
ANGIOSPERMS
- Rafflesias are a type of angiosperm that smells like rotten meat
- Angiosperms are also known as flowering plants
- They also have to important traits. The first one is, they make flowers. Second they make seeds enclosed by fruit
- They can live almost anywhere on the planet
- They grow in freezing places, tropical jungles, barren deserts, and even at the edge of the ocean
Photo by ajimns
EXAMPLES OF ANGIOSPERMS
- Angiosperms have two major species
- Plants like grasses and lilies and tulips are some types of monocots
- They have long, slender veins and have three pedals
- Roses and dandelions are some types of dicots
- The dicots veins branch lots and lots of times, they have four or five pedals
Photo by likeaduck
MONOCOT VS. DICOT
- There are many differences between monocot and dicot plants
- Seed: monocots have one cotyledon, but dicots have two
- Leaf: dicots have branching veins, monocots are parallel
- Stem: monocots have bundles of vascular tissue that is scattered, dicots are arranged in a ring
- Flower: the dicots part in either four or five, while monocots are parted in threes
Photo by Philerooski
PLANT TROPISMS
- The response to how a plant grows is called tropism
- Touch: the plants have a positive thigmotropism toward other objects
- Light: the plant grows toward the light because they get more energy by having more light
- Gravity: stems grow upward but roots grow downward
- Hormones and tropisms: a chemical that effects how a plant interacts and grows
Photo by Jsome1
