Plants by Kyler

A plant is an autotroph that makes its own food

Plant adaptations on land

• Retaining water
• Transporting materials
• Support
• Reproduction

Nonvascular plants

• Mosses
• Liverworts
• Hornworts

Mosses

• There are 10,000 types
• They grow on sidewalk cracks, tree trunks and in other damp, shady spots

Liverworts

• There are more than 8,000 types
• They can be found on hard, moist crust

Hornworts

• There are fewer than 100 types
• They are found on rocks and tree trunks

Seedless vascular plants

• Ferns
• Horsetails
• Club mosses

Ferns

• There are more than 12,000 types
• They have fronds

Horsetails

• There are only a few types
• They are found in the forest

Club mosses

• There are a few hundred types
• They are found in moist woodlands and near streams

Seed plants

• Vascular tissues
• Pollen and seeds

Vascular tissue: phloem/xylem

• Most seed plants are land plants
• Their cells have thick walls
• They use seeds to reproduce

Pollen and Seeds

• Pollen is tiny structures that contain the cells that will become sperm cells
• A seed is a structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering

Seed Structure

• Has an embryo
• Has cotyledons

Seed Dispersal

• Wind
• Water
• Animals
• Popcorn effect

Germination

• Begins when the embryo begins growing again and comes out of the seed
• It begins when the seed absorbs water from the environment

Roots

• Anchor a plant into the ground
• Absorb water and minerals

Stems

• Carries substances through the plant and leaves
• Provides support for the plant
• Holds up the leaves so they are exposed to the sun

Leaves

• Capture the suns energy
• Carry out the food making process photosynthesis

Gymnosperms

• A seed plant that produces naked seeds
• Have needle like or scaly leaves

Gymnosperm Examples

• Cycads
• Conifers
• Ginkgoes
• Gnetophytes

Angiosperms

• Produce flowers
• Produce seeds that are enclosed by fruit

Angiosperm Examples

• Monocots
• Dicots

Monocot vs Dicot

• Monocots usually have three pedals
• Dicots have five

Plant Tropisms

• Touch
• Light
• Gravity