Progressive Era Vocab

Reform

• Make changes in order to improve
• Social, political, and economic reforms
• Ex.Civil rights, Women rights,and Temperance

Progressive

• Progressive Era was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States.
• From the 1890s to 1920s .

Muckraker

• Reform-minded American journalists.
• earch for and expose real or alleged corruption, scandal, or the like, especially in politics.

Political Machine

• Informal political group designed to keep power
• Helped immigrants but expected their votes
• Leader William "Boss" Tweed

Prohibition

• 18th Amendment
• Forbidding the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages was in force in the United States.
• Social Activism

Disenfranchisement

• Revocation of the right of suffrage
• To deprieve someone the right to vote

De Facto Segregation

• Racial segregation
• “by fact”
• Ex. Area populated by one race go to a prodominant race school by fact not by law

De Jure Segregation

• separation enforced by law
• Public areas cannot be shared by different racial classes at all.

Graft

• Form of political corruption
• Use of a politician's authority for personal gain.

Initiative

• The Initiative and Referendum Act.
• A petition to propose amendments to the constitution.
• A petition to propose enactment of national legislation.

Referendum

• A general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.
• examples of direct democracy

Recall

• allows voters to choose to recall an elected official before their term expires,
• State Assembly Doris Allen & Paul Horcher – ‘for supporting Willie Brown as Speaker’

Mugwumps

• a person who remains aloof or independent, especially from party politics
• neutral on a controversial issue.

Niagara Movement

• Black civil rights organization
• Founded in 1905
• Led by W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter.

Poll Tax

• A fee that had to be paid to satisfy taxpayer requirements in voting laws.
• A tax that must be paid by anyone wishing to cast a vote

NAACP

• 100 years of history
• Founded Feb. 12. 1909
• grassroots-based civil rights organization
• objective is to ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority group citizens of United States and eliminate race prejudice.

Pendleton Act

• Established in 1883
• Decided that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.

Sherman Antitrust Act

• Is a landmark federal statute
• To prohibit trusts

Clayton Antitrust Act

• attempts to prohibit certain actions that lead to anti-competitiveness.
• Prohibited exclusive sales contracts, local price cutting to freeze out competitors, rebates, interlocking directorates in corporations capitalized at $1 million or more in the same field of business, and intercorporate stock holdings

16,17,18,&19 Amendment

• 16:Allows the federal government to collect an income tax from all Americans.
• 17:providing for the election of two U.S. senators from each state by popular vote and for a term of six years.
• 18:effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal
• 19:gave women the right to vote in 1920

Great Migration

• The movement of 6 million blacks out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West
• Occurred between 1910 and 1970

Plessy V. Ferguson

• In Louisiana
• “separate but equal”
• African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law.

U.S V. EC Knight &Co

• "Sugar Trust Case"
• limited the government's power to control monopolies.

American Tobacco V. U.S

• had violated the federal Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 by seeking to monopolize practically all sectors of the tobacco industry
• guilty of violating the Sherman Act