A great example for project based learning is the Red Queen lab experiment. My Students were learning about the various adaptations that help animals and plants survive in the wild.
Students were given a variety of tools (spoon, tweezers, butterknife) which represented the beak of their bird.
Students were then tasked with eating as many different sized seeds as possible in competition with themselves. They then compared the data and were able to conclude which birds would be most likely to survive and why.
In inquiry based learning, teachers act as facilitators and allows the students to drive the learning process. Students pose questions, come up with problems and solutions with the modeled assistance of the teacher.
Students would be presented with a question regarding the red queen experiment.
"study the physical characteristics of your bird, what do you believed helped or hindered you in the task?
Students would then have to determine why the physical features of their bird ( short beak, long beak, etc) were useful or detremental to their survival in the given environment.