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Slide Notes
So what do we mean by racism???
DEFINITION
The belief that all members of each race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races.
(http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/racism) [accessed 25-11-14 20:52]
RACISM
Published on Nov 18, 2015
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MORE DECKS TO EXPLORE
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
RACISM
Presented By Kirsty Waite
So what do we mean by racism???
DEFINITION
The belief that all members of each race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races.
(http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/racism) [accessed 25-11-14 20:52]
Photo by Nina Matthews Photography
What do we Understand of Racism?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2oil44AD_A
Is this experience familiar to anyone?
My own experience of stereotyping??
Is this experience familiar to anyone?
My own experience of stereotyping??
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Slavery is a universal phenomenon
It has been articulated that Racism exists in society as a result of colonial slavery?
The transatlantic slave trade saw the greatest deportation in history. From the mid 15th century to the closing decades of the 19th century tens of millions of Africans were brutally wrenched from their villages and transported to the plantations and mines of the Americas and West Indies.
The racial nature of this triangular trade between Africa, Europe and the Americas also sets it apart. The trade was supported by a racist ideology that saw white people as being the most perfectly developed and blacks as being at the bottom of the ladder.
The transatlantic slave trade saw the greatest deportation in history. From the mid 15th century to the closing decades of the 19th century tens of millions of Africans were brutally wrenched from their villages and transported to the plantations and mines of the Americas and West Indies.
The racial nature of this triangular trade between Africa, Europe and the Americas also sets it apart. The trade was supported by a racist ideology that saw white people as being the most perfectly developed and blacks as being at the bottom of the ladder.
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Most of the lynchings were by hanging or shooting, or both. However, many were of a more hideous nature burning at the stake, maiming, dismemberment, castration, and other brutal methods of physical torture.
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1979/2/79.02.04.x.html [ACCESSED 20-11-14 5:54]
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RACISM AS A CONCEPT
and its introduction into society
RACISM AS A CONCEPT
The first definitions of racism primarily relied upon race itself being accepted as a social definition.
This was given congressional authority in 1866.
In mid 1960's Race was finally accepted as an area of study by English language writers. Thus introduced the concept of 'Race Relations.
Banton, M. (1988), 2nd Eds, 'Race Theories', Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.
The first definitions of racism primarily relied upon race itself being accepted as a social definition.
This was given congressional authority in 1866.
In mid 1960's Race was finally accepted as an area of study by English language writers. Thus introduced the concept of 'Race Relations.
Banton, M. (1988), 2nd Eds, 'Race Theories', Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.
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3 Dimensions to Race Relations
- Ideological
- Attitudinal
- Behavioural
3 Dimensions to Race Relations. . .
1. Using Racism to designate the doctrine that Race is determined by Culture.
2. The basic foundations of Racism are highlighted as been built upon prejudice.
3. Understanding is gained from the starting point of social relationships. Which in turn relies upon the concept of discrimination.
(ibid)
1. Using Racism to designate the doctrine that Race is determined by Culture.
2. The basic foundations of Racism are highlighted as been built upon prejudice.
3. Understanding is gained from the starting point of social relationships. Which in turn relies upon the concept of discrimination.
(ibid)
Photo by Will Montague
PREJUDICE
So what do we understand as 'Prejudice?'
1. An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts.
- A preconceived preference or idea.
2. The act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived judgments or convictions.
3. Irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, or religion.
(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/prejudice) [accessed 25-11-14 21:02]
1. An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts.
- A preconceived preference or idea.
2. The act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived judgments or convictions.
3. Irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, or religion.
(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/prejudice) [accessed 25-11-14 21:02]
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DISCRIMINATION
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Issues and Consequences
So what are the key issues and consequences of racism??
How racism affects the people who experience it
Racism as a consequence of slavery?
Stephen Lawrence - Institutional Racism
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affects
Racism can cause a lot of damage to both individuals
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
Just the fear of racism alone should switch on the body's stress-response systems. This makes sense -- if we think our environment contains threats, then we will be on guard.
(http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/03/how-racism-is-bad-for-our...) [accessed 19-11-14 7:08]
Just the fear of racism alone should switch on the body's stress-response systems. This makes sense -- if we think our environment contains threats, then we will be on guard.
(http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/03/how-racism-is-bad-for-our...) [accessed 19-11-14 7:08]
Photo by Will Montague
INDIVIDUALS
ongoing feelings of sadness, anger, depression and being left out
headaches, increased heart rate, sweating, trembling and muscle tension
a constant fear of being verbally or physically attacked
not wanting to go to school
having little or no trust in anybody
A study of over 800 Australian secondary school students found that racism had huge mental health impacts on young people who experience it, including:
(http://itstopswithme.humanrights.gov.au/it-stops-with-me/what-you-say-matte...) [accessed 21-11-14 07.34]
Racism also affects people’s general wellbeing when they are denied equal access to jobs, services and education. (ibid)
(http://itstopswithme.humanrights.gov.au/it-stops-with-me/what-you-say-matte...) [accessed 21-11-14 07.34]
Racism also affects people’s general wellbeing when they are denied equal access to jobs, services and education. (ibid)
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COMMUNITIES
Racism creates a society where people don’t trust and respect each other.
When it’s allowed to flourish, it lessens us as a people. Remember the Stolen Generations… the White Australia policy… these are the ugly times in our history. We need to be vigilant in making sure that these kinds of things are never allowed to happen again.
Photo by Matthias Rhomberg
OPPRESSION
Oppression is the most predominant feature of racism.
Whether this is done so on a communal or individual level the results are consistently detrimental.
Although the days of legal segregation are no longer with us. People are systematically affected by racism each day. Which can mean a limited access to opportunities, unfair treatment, assault; fear of being assaulted. Harassment
Whether this is done so on a communal or individual level the results are consistently detrimental.
Although the days of legal segregation are no longer with us. People are systematically affected by racism each day. Which can mean a limited access to opportunities, unfair treatment, assault; fear of being assaulted. Harassment
Photo by kevin dooley
Per 1,000 population aged 10 or older (the age of criminal responsibility), a
person from the Black ethnic group was six times more likely to be stopped
and searched in 2011/12 under section 1 powers than a person from the
White ethnic group, while someone from the Asian ethnic group was
approximately twice as likely to be stopped and searched than a White
person.
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/2...
Statistics on Race and the
Criminal Justice System 2012
A Ministry of Justice publication under
Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 (2002) MOJ
Statistics on Race and the
Criminal Justice System 2012
A Ministry of Justice publication under
Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 (2002) MOJ
Photo by Sprengben [why not get a friend]
Per 1,000 population aged 10 or older, a Black person was nearly three times
more likely to be arrested than a White person and a person from the Mixed
ethnic group was twice as likely. There was no difference in the rate of arrests
between Asian and White individuals.
Photo by @Cristianhold
Even though white Americans outnumber black Americans five fold, black people are three times more likely than white people to be killed when they encounter the police in the US, and black teenagers are far likelier to be killed by police than white teenagers.
(http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/25/mike-brown-shooting-ji...) [accessed 20-11-14]
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All people are born free, equal in dignity and Right??
UNDHR: Article 2 states that everyone is entitled to these rights "without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status."
(http://www.racismnoway.com.au/teaching-resources/factsheets/13.html) [accessed 21-11-14 16:34]
But how equal is society? More over can equality actually be attained by society and its inhabitants??
(http://www.racismnoway.com.au/teaching-resources/factsheets/13.html) [accessed 21-11-14 16:34]
But how equal is society? More over can equality actually be attained by society and its inhabitants??
Photo by Nina Matthews Photography
The brain is essentially a cognotive miser?
Hogg, M. and Vaughan, G. (2008) 'Social Psychology', Pearson Education Limited, England.
COGNITIVE MISER:
'A model of social cognition that characterises people as using the least complexed and demanding cognitions that are able to produce generally adaptive behaviours.
BASICALLY. . .
Life becomes easier when we put people in boxes
action. Only way to operate within the anti-oppressive ethos.
COGNITIVE MISER:
'A model of social cognition that characterises people as using the least complexed and demanding cognitions that are able to produce generally adaptive behaviours.
BASICALLY. . .
Life becomes easier when we put people in boxes
action. Only way to operate within the anti-oppressive ethos.
Photo by Nina Matthews Photography
So why are some people racist??
There are a variety of different understandings available into the phenomenon of racism. The main theme within each is that this behaviour is learnt.
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social conditioning
We are simply taught to hate and fear??
Social Conditioning: the process by which people or animals are trained to behave in a particular way when particular things happen.. (http://www.ldoceonline.com/Sociology-topic/conditioning [accessed 24-11-14 20:05]
Skinner
Social Conditioning: the process by which people or animals are trained to behave in a particular way when particular things happen.. (http://www.ldoceonline.com/Sociology-topic/conditioning [accessed 24-11-14 20:05]
Skinner
Social Identity Theory
CATEGORISATION, SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION, SOCIAL COMPARISON
Theories:
ingroup out group etc fear of unknown
McLeod, S. (2008) 'Simply Psychology', (http://www.simplypsychology.org/social-identity-theory.html) [accessed 25-11-14].
Social Identity theory = Henri Tajfels greatest contribution to psychology. Which in turn can offer an explaination to why racism remains a persistant social evil in our contemporary society.
ingroup out group etc fear of unknown
McLeod, S. (2008) 'Simply Psychology', (http://www.simplypsychology.org/social-identity-theory.html) [accessed 25-11-14].
Social Identity theory = Henri Tajfels greatest contribution to psychology. Which in turn can offer an explaination to why racism remains a persistant social evil in our contemporary society.
Photo by consumerfriendly
Xenophobia
Xenophobia: Foreigners, immigrants and ethnic minority representatives are seen as a threat.
A question of fear for the unknown
Psy: this originates in a fear for the unknown within ourselves, in other words a fear for our own subconscious.
Sociological: xenophobia originates in a threat towards unquestioned everyday routines and practices, that build up the identity of an individual. The foreign questions these routines by following different routines, norms and practices.
Socio/psych: The authoritarian personalty, which has difficulties in managing uncertainty and tends consequently to simplify.
Memmi, A. (2000) 'Racism', University of Minnessola Press, Minneapolis.
A question of fear for the unknown
Psy: this originates in a fear for the unknown within ourselves, in other words a fear for our own subconscious.
Sociological: xenophobia originates in a threat towards unquestioned everyday routines and practices, that build up the identity of an individual. The foreign questions these routines by following different routines, norms and practices.
Socio/psych: The authoritarian personalty, which has difficulties in managing uncertainty and tends consequently to simplify.
Memmi, A. (2000) 'Racism', University of Minnessola Press, Minneapolis.
Photo by jonycunha
Change??
Racism is one of the most striking and horrific ideologies denying human equality. . . . .
It is clear from the possible explanation into the existence and persistence of racism that the only way to eradicate this problem is through education. I feel the best way to achieve this would be applying the methods of early intervention.
Current legislation Equal Opportunities 2010, Human Rights Act 1998 is working towards this.
By experiencing different cultures and traditions at a young age children will not be fearful of them. Hence the possibility of racism is reduced.
One attribute i have yet to discuss however is institutional racism. Because racism is both institutional and attitudinal, effective strategies against it must recognize this dual character
Sherover-Marcuse, R. (2000)
'Towards A Perspective On Eliminating Racism: 12 Working Assumptions', UnlearningRacism.org [http://www.unlearningracism.org/writings/eliminate_racisim.htm [accessed 19-11-14 20.34]
It is clear from the possible explanation into the existence and persistence of racism that the only way to eradicate this problem is through education. I feel the best way to achieve this would be applying the methods of early intervention.
Current legislation Equal Opportunities 2010, Human Rights Act 1998 is working towards this.
By experiencing different cultures and traditions at a young age children will not be fearful of them. Hence the possibility of racism is reduced.
One attribute i have yet to discuss however is institutional racism. Because racism is both institutional and attitudinal, effective strategies against it must recognize this dual character
Sherover-Marcuse, R. (2000)
'Towards A Perspective On Eliminating Racism: 12 Working Assumptions', UnlearningRacism.org [http://www.unlearningracism.org/writings/eliminate_racisim.htm [accessed 19-11-14 20.34]
Photo by AndYaDontStop
We are not born racist!
systematic mistreatment
Racism is not a genetic disease
Racism is not a genetic disease
SOCIAL WORK VALUES
I am not going to quote each and every point of the HPC applicable to racism and social work. To do so would be unproductive.
Each of the affect people encounter are attributes we as social workers will be equipped to combat. Equality of Opportunity, thus limiting social exclusion would require each and every aspect of our person in order to empower them to realise their full potential and become a productively happy member of society. Through the successful application of anti-oppressive practise and the development of self awareness.
Each of the affect people encounter are attributes we as social workers will be equipped to combat. Equality of Opportunity, thus limiting social exclusion would require each and every aspect of our person in order to empower them to realise their full potential and become a productively happy member of society. Through the successful application of anti-oppressive practise and the development of self awareness.
Photo by Sergiu Bacioiu
Untitled Slide
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