•Sects began to develop over differences in doctrines and other teachings and rituals.

•Switzerland- church split from Rome

•Led by Huldrych Zwingli
–Also stressed faith alone
–Denounced Catholic beliefs and practices
•Purgatory and indulgences
–Wanted to break COMPLETELY away form Catholic Church (opposite of Luther)

•Zwingli wanted to make Zurich a Theocracy
–Church run state

•1525-it worked
•1531-Catholics beat him in war

•Mid 1500’s-set up a Theocracy in Geneva

•Calvin studied theology, law, humanism
•Created his own Protestant theology

•1536- The Institutes of the Christian Religion published his theology
–Inspired reforms in Europe and North America

•Predestination- God knows all and controls fate of all people
–Said God was all powerful and all knowing
–God chose “elect” few to be saved

•Visitors of Geneva helped spread Calvinism
–Easy to set up because it was localized and not like C.C.
–Netherlands and Scotland
–Scotland-John Knox used Calvin's teachings to lead followers in revolts against “ungodly” rulers.

•Anabaptists- only allowed adult members
–Only those who could make a free and informed choice to become Christian should be allowed to do so.
•Catholics and Protestants baptized infants.
•Did not allow local governments to run their lives
Bible as the sole rule of faith and practice – the authority of the Scriptures
Freedom of religion – liberty of conscience
Separation of church and state
Pacifism or nonresistance
Separation or nonconformity to the world
Voluntary church membership and believer's baptism
Evangelistic zeal
Priesthood of all believers
Were peaceful but held fanatical beliefs

•, Mennonites, Amish came from Anabaptists.

Catholic Church to reform itself. This movement is now known as the Catholic
Reformation. Historians once referred to it as the Counter Reformation. Important
leaders in this movement were reformers, such as Ignatius (ihg•NAY•shuhs) of
Loyola, who founded new religious orders, and two popes—Paul III and Paul IV—
who took actions to reform and renew the Church from within.
Ignatius of Loyola Ignatius grew up in his father’s castle in Loyola