A geologist is a scientist who studies rocks.

Rocks can be made with just mineral. Most rocks are made with two or more minerals.

Quartz is a mineral.

Emerald is a mineral.

Mica is a mineral. Quartz, emerald, and mica are 3 examples of many minerals.

Magma is inside a volcano. When a volcano erupts, magma pushes up from underground. Magma that flows from a volcano is called lava.

There are three types of rocks. Igneous rocks form inside the Earth and come out as lava. When the lava cools, igneous rocks are formed.

Sedimentary rocks are formed when many small pieces of rocks are formed together. Wind, rain, and ice will break rocks apart into small pieces. These small pieces will build together in layers to form sedimentary rocks.

Metamorphic rocks are formed when rocks are heated and squeezed together.

The three types of rocks are igneous rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock.

The Earth has rocks everywhere. Old rocks are breaking into smaller pieces, and new rocks are forming all the time. This happens over and over again, and it’s called the rock cycle.