Rome

about Rome

• Rome, Italy’s capital, is a sprawling, cosmopolitan city with nearly 3,000 years of globally influential art, architecture and culture on display. Ancient ruins such as the Roman Forum and the Colosseum evoke the power of the former Roman Empire. Vatican City, headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church, boasts St. Peter’s Basilica and the Vatican Museums, which house masterpieces such as Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel frescoes
• Rome is a city and special comune (named "Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and region of Lazio. With 2.9 million residents in 1,285 km it is also the country's largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio , along the shores of Tiber river. Vatican City is an independent country within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states. Rome's history spans more than two and a half thousand years. While Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at only around 753 BC, the site has been inhabited for much longer, making it one of the oldest continuously occupied cities in Europe. The city's early population originated from a mix of Latins, Etruscans and Sabines. Eventually, the city successively became the capital of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, and is regarded as one of the birthplaces of Western civilization. It is referred to as "Roma Aeterna" (The Eternal City) and "Caput Mundi" (Capital of the World), two central notions in ancient Roman culture. After the fall of the Empire, which marked the beginning of the Middle Ages, Rome slowly fell under the political control of the Papacy, which had settled in the city since the 1st century AD, until in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. Beginning with the Renaissance, almost all the popes since Nicholas V (1422–55) pursued coherently along four hundred years an architectonic and urbanistic program aimed to make of the city the world's artistic and cultural center. Due to that, Rome became first one of the major centers of the Italian Renaissance, and then the birthplace of the Baroque style. Famous artists and architects of the Renaissance and Baroque period made Rome the center of their activity, creating masterpieces throughout the city. In 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic. Rome has the status of a global city.[9][10][11] In 2011, Rome was the 18th-most-visited city in the world, 3rd most visited in the European Union, and the most popular tourist attraction in Italy.[12] Its historic centre is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.[13] Monuments and museums such as the Vatican Museums and the Colosseum are among the world's most visited tourist destinations with both locations receiving millions of tourists a year. Rome hosted the 1960 Summer Olympics and is the seat of United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization .

Romes Emperors

• Augustus (Octavian), the first Roman Emperor of the Principate Era whose ascension ended republic rule at Rome
• There are so many Emperors that had ruled Rome. There are so many I can't name them all.

Romes enemies Part #1: Hannibal

• Hannibal, (247–183 B.C.), a Carthaginian general. He was one of the greatest military geniuses of ancient times. A master of deception, ambush, and surprise attack, he devised maneuvers that have been copied ever since. In the Second Punic War, Hannibal made a remarkable march across the Alps to invade Italy, where he wiped out three Roman armies. Rome eventually won the war, but Hannibal's skill made the victory costly. Hannibal was the son of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. In 237 Hamilcar transported an army from Africa to Spain and started a campaign of conquest. Nine-year-old Hannibal accompanied his father.
• n 221 B.C. Hannibal succeeded to the command of Hamilcar's well-trained army and took over control of the conquered territory. Distinctive features of the army were its cavalry units, and the war elephants from whose backs javelin-throwers made their attacks. Hannibal made further conquests in 220, and in 219 took Saguntum (Sagunto), a city of eastern Spain allied with Rome. A Roman protest to Carthage was ignored, and in 218 Rome declared war. The Second Punic War, 218–201 B.C. In May of 218 B.C. Hannibal started north from New Carthage (Cartagena) with about 40,000 men and a corps of 37 elephants. Crossing the Pyrenees Mountains, he began to meet opposition from the Gauls. Forcing his way along the Mediterranean coast, he reached the Rhōne River and moved up its valley without meeting the Roman army that had been sent to intercept him. In early autumn Hannibal took his army—including the elephants—across the Alps. Besides attacks from the Gauls, there were landslides and early snowfalls to increase the hazards of the march. Hannibal reached the Po River in late September with only 26,000 men and a few elephants.
• Hannibal's Great Victories The first encounter with the Romans came almost at once, at the Ticinus River. In a battle involving mainly cavalry, the Carthaginians won a quick victory. The bulk of the Roman army was still intact, however, and Rome sent a second army north to join it. In early December Hannibal lured the combined force into a trap on the Trebia River near Placentia (Piacenza) and destroyed it. Over the winter Hannibal made alliances among the Gauls, and in the spring marched south. Near Lake Trasimeno he ambushed and destroyed a Roman army. The Carthaginian army continued south and the Romans prepared to defend Rome against assault, but Hannibal had no wish to besiege a walled city. In August, 216 B.C., he met the Romans at Cannae. Greatly outnumbered, Hannibal used an enveloping movement to surround the Roman forces and cut them to pieces.

Romes enemies Part #2: Alartic

• Alaric(370–410), a king of the Visigoths who led barbarian hordes against the Roman Empire. Alaric belonged to a princely family of Visigoths (western Goths) from the Danubian provinces of the Roman Empire. In 394 he commanded a Visigoth army employed by Emperor Theodosius I in putting down a rebellion in northern Italy
• In 395 Alaric was elected king of the Visigoths and led his tribe in revolt. The Visigoths wanted land and the payment that was overdue for their military service. During 395–96, Alaric ravaged the Greek peninsula. He was stopped at the Peloponnesus in 396 by Stilicho, a Vandal general in the service of Honorius, emperor in the West. (Since 395 the Roman Empire had been split into two empires; the Eastern and the Western.) To pacify the Visigoths, Arcadius, the Eastern emperor, offered Epirus on the Balkan Peninsula to Alaric.

The Fall of The Roman Empire

• In 476 C.E. Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west, was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer, who became the first Barbarian to rule in Rome. The order that the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was no more
• one reason rome fell is because Invasions by Barbarian tribes The most straightforward theory for Western Rome’s collapse pins the fall on a string of military losses sustained against outside forces. Rome had tangled with Germanic tribes for centuries, but by the 300s “barbarian” groups like the Goths had encroached beyond the Empire’s borders. The Romans weathered a Germanic uprising in the late fourth century, but in 410 the Visigoth King Alaric successfully sacked the city of Rome. The Empire spent the next several decades under constant threat before “the Eternal City” was raided again in 455, this time by the Vandals. Finally, in 476, the Germanic leader Odoacer staged a revolt and deposed the Emperor Romulus Augustulus. From then on, no Roman emperor would ever again rule from a post in Italy, leading many to cite 476 as the year the Western Empire suffered its deathblow