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Rome: Rights & Laws
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Published on Nov 18, 2015
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1.
The Roman Social System
Hierarchy, Rights and the Laws Governing Them
Photo by
CameliaTWU
2.
Rights: Roman men
Male citizens of Rome had substantial rights
Including the power to vote and contest in politics
Roman born citizens were separated into two ranks
Non optimo iure: Rights of property & marriage
Optimo iure: Have the rights above & rights to vote and hold office
Photo by
Jon Himoff
3.
Examples of their rights:
Ius honorum:
The right to stand for civil/public office
Ius commercii:
The rights to make legal contracts
And hold property as a Roman citizen
Photo by
Kalense Kid
4.
Of lower status: Roman women
The head of the household was the eldest male
Women had no power outside the household
Could not be involved in politics & vote
Subjected to patria potestas
That is, the power held by the male head of the family
Photo by
Valerie Everett
5.
Untitled Slide
Vestal virgins
The only role women could take on out of the family
However there were a few significant women
Example: Lucretia
She took part in the revolution that made Rome a republic
Photo by
jondresner
6.
Untitled Slide
Women were educated along boys in their youth
Even though they could not hold political roles
Some upper class women were noted for intelligence, e.g. Cornellia Metalla
After the formation of the republic, women were given more rights
E.g. Being able to own land & appear in court
Photo by
diffendale
7.
What about the children?
Newborns were laid at their father's feet
If the father did not pick the child up,
That meant he did not acknowledge the child as his
The child would be left outside to die
This was legal in the Roman republic
Photo by
Sebastià Giralt
8.
Untitled Slide
For rich, upper class children
They could go to school or be tutored
However, it was different for poor children
Who could not receive an education
Photo by
isawnyu
9.
Differences between boys and girls
Children were taught different things
Based on their sex
Boys: fighting and weaponry
Girls: domestic tasks
Girls were to be married off at 14
Photo by
bindermichi
10.
Slaves: Without rights
Slaves were considered property in Ancient Rome
They could be bought or sold in the market
The Roman economy was largely dependent on the slave trade
Steady supply of slaves because of the rapid expansion of Roman Empire
This encouraged slavery
Photo by
dualdflipflop
11.
Untitled Slide
The lack of rights for slaves
Led to the Servile Wars
The slaves lost every time
Photo by
Bradley Wells
12.
Merchants in Rome
Two main types: Negotiatores & mercatores
Negotiatores: involved in areas of commerce
E.g. Bulk buying, selling & money lending
Mercatores: dealt with money changing and cheques
Did business in shoplots & sold basic amenities near army camps
Photo by
clickykbd
13.
Untitled Slide
The upper class was encouraged to engage in military pursuits
Senators and their children were discouraged from being merchants/own business
However, those affiliated with the Equestrians
Were often involved in business
And owned their own shops
Photo by
mark6mauno
14.
Roman law: Before the Republic
Romans lived with custom law
It only applied to Roman citizens
Ius civils: civil law
Patricians were appointed priests and judges
Lacked transparency because laws were not written down
Photo by
DonkeyHotey
15.
During the Roman Republic
In questions of customary law
Patricians called pontiffs made decisions & ruled
Plebeians were dissatisfied with patrician advantage
They agitated to gain political and social equality
Pressed for laws to be written down
Photo by
mikecogh
16.
Untitled Slide
A committee of 10 men (decemvirs) was hired to write law down
The documented laws were known as the Twelve Tables
Over time they became of limited use because of uncovered issues
Magistrates focused on adaptation of laws
Encouraged "interpretation" of law
Photo by
j3net
17.
Imperial Rome: When emperors ruled
Emperors took an active role in legal matters
But typically acted on the advice of jurists
Because of increasing amount of complex law
Emperor Justinian compiled Roman law into one body
Known as "Justinian's Code"
Photo by
Anne-Marie Bouché
18.
The 4 principles of Roman law
All citizens have the right to equal treatment under law
Innocent until proven guilty
The burden of proof rests with the accuser rather than the accused
Any law that seems unreasonable or grossly unfair can be set aside
Photo by
srqpix
19.
Roman ideas about Law
Written law: A way to protect individuals from each other
And from the state itself
Developed the division between public law & private law
Public law: treason and taxation
Private law: disputes between people e.g. Contracts
Photo by
Scott*
20.
Lawmaking in the Republic
A bicameral activity
Laws first passed by the comitia
Comitia: Assembly of citizens
Then approved by the Senate
Senate: Representatives of the upper clas
Photo by
mharrsch
21.
Important principles such as...
Ex post facto:
From after the fact
Habeus corpus:
You must have the body
Were passed down by the Romans
Photo by
StockMonkeys.com
22.
Emphasis on the rights of the individual
Rights to own property
Right to a trial
Rights to appeal
The right to make a will & designate an heir
The right to own business
Photo by
Alfred Hermida
23.
Untitled Slide
Legal personality of corporations
Contractual obligations
Real and personal property
Private ownership
Courtroom procedures
Photo by
Michael Kappel
24.
Untitled Slide
Legal force of a will
Right to vote
Photo by
Serge Melki
Claire Tang
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