Routine Practices
and
Additional Precautions

OBJECTIVES

• Understand the concepts of the chain of transmission
• Demonstrate Routine Practices
• Identify when to use Additional Precautions
• Vebalize the four elements of Routine Practices
• Discuss barriers and enablers that affect compliance with Routine Practices

CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION

• Infectious agent, microorganisms
• Reservoir: human, food
• Portal of exit
• Mode of transmission
• Portal of entry
• Susceptible host

INFECTIOUS AGENTS

• Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Parasites, Prions
• BREAK THE CHAIN...
• Hand Hygiene
• Disinfection
• Sterilization

RESERVOIRS

• People
• Water
• Food
• BREAK THE CHAIN...
• Personal hygiene
• Proper food storage
• Water quality maintenance
• Disinfection
• Social distancing

PORTAL OF EXIT

• Sneeze: mouth, nose
• Biological excretion: urine, stool, saliva
• Open wound: blood, serous secretion
• BREAK THE CHAIN...
• Hand hygien
• Control of excretion and secretion
• Disinfection

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

• Contact, Droplet, Airborne
• BREAK the CHAIN...
• Isolation
• Proper PPE
• Additional precautions
• Hand hygiene
• Engineering control

PORTAL OF ENTRY

• Eye, nose, mouth, open skin
• Mucous membrane of respiratory and GI/GU tracts
• BREAK THE CHAIN...
• Point of care assessment
• PPE/ Hand hygiene
• Aseptic technique

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

• Elderly and young
• Autoimmune disorder
• Organ transplant
• Chemotherapy
• Surgery/ burn
• BREAK THE CHAIN
• IMMUNIZATION
• High risk tx

ELEMENTS OF ROUTINE PRACTICES

• Point of care assessment
• Hand hygiene
• PPE
• Environmental controls (appropriate patient placement, equipments in good condition)
• Administrative controls (policies and procedures, staff educations, monitoring compliance)
• CALL FOR HELP when in doubt

ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS

• Routine Practices
• Specialized Accommodation and Signage
• PPE
• Dedicated Equipment
• Addtional Cleaning Measures
• Limited Transport Procedures
• Communication