RWANDAn gENOCIDE

Focus: Rwandan Genocide
People involved: Belgians, Hutu, and Tutsi

The Hutu,
The Tutsi,
and
The Belgians

HUTu and Tutsi

• Hutu and the Tutsi shared land
• Hutu and Tutsi share religions 
• Hutu and Tutsi work for the same pay

Population

BEginning

• 1959 oppression against Tutsi by Hutu
• During World War I Belgians take control of Rwanda
• Belgium gives education to Tutsi
• Belgium also gives political power to Tutsi 
• Belgians gave ID to tell if you are Hutu or Tutsi

Starting event

• 6/6/1994 president Habyarimana returns from Tanzania 
• plane shot by land to air missle
• two fired only one hit
• everyone on  the plane perished
• Hutu extremists gain control over gov./ start of genocide

Tutsi

Tutsi

•  Make up 15% of population
• Generally lighter skin than Hutu
• Belgians called them "racially superior" 
• Most own cattle or crops

Exiled Tutsi

• Hutu forced Tutsi out of country
• Most went to Uganda/ some went to DRC
• In Uganda they received military training
• After many years they left to form the RPF

RPF

• RPF=Rwandan Patriotic Front
• Tutsi rebel force against Hutu
• Gained more Tutsi in DRC
• First attack on October 12, 1990
• The raid was a failure and retreated 

Hutu

Basic Facts

• Make up 85% of the population
• Appearance- stocky, darker skin, short, "wide nosed"
• Similar culture to Tutsi 
• Considered ignorant and uncivilized  
• Main occupations- hunting, agriculture, & cattle herding 

Harsh treatment

• Tutsi crowned themselves as elite 
• Belgian rulers favored Tutsi
• Deprived of education, jobs, & places in government
• Forced into harsh labor
• Identity cards  

Two sides

• Both groups consisted of Hutu people
• Highly educated
• Both aimed to diminish Tutsi control
• Had different ideas on how to gain power

Side of genocide

• Known as the "Hutu Revolution" 
• Multiple groups/organizations involved in fighting 
• Gained power (through violence) 
• Leader- Gregoire Kayibanda  
• Belgian favoritism switched to Hutu

GEnocide

BAsic Facts

• Started April 6, 1994
• 3 months long
• 800,000 people died in 3 months
• Hutu killed the Tutsi
• RPF captured Hutu

Tutsi Side

Hutu Side

Aftermath

Hutus' reaction

• 1.7 million fled too DRC
• Tutsi rebels control Gov.
• Hutu Pasteur Bizimunga becomes president
• Head rebel Paul Kagame becomes Vice Pres.
• Hutu refugees wage Guerrilla warfare and raids

Instant damage

• 20% of  population is man.
• Women head of the house
• Survivors have major psychological damage
• Most surviving soldiers are handicapped
• 91% of the survivors didn't bury relatives

Later years

• 2000, Paul Kagame becomes president
• 2001, first person arrested for genocide
• A few months later 8 more arrested
• 2009, schools teach genocidal ideology

Bill clinton

• 2013, Bill Clinton regrets lack of help
• He could have saved a third of the lives lost
• 2004, documents found about the genocide
• One of the reasons he created the Clinton foundation
• One of his biggest regrets as president

TOD GOAls

intolerance has historical roots

• Started when Tutsi were recognized as elite
• Got worse after revelution in 1959
• Belgians made Tutsi more elite. Hutu's retaliated
• Spot on continuum: Before: Tolerance

ignorance and fear can cause intolerance

• In the beginning- Hutu feared and resented Tutsi
• Hutu invasion- ignorant of stereotypes 
• Afraid of being cast out 
• Spot on continuum: During: Scapegoating

intolerance can tear a society apart

• In beginning Hutu and Tutsi respected each other
• Political power went to Tutsi
• The society then was split
• Spot on continuum: After: Scapegoating