60, WC, 5 to 23wks-1, monthly, response to separation- alone/with others, stranger anxiety 

0-2 months, similar response to animate and inanimate objects, Child begins to show preference  

Marked preference for people rather than inanimate objects, prefer familiar adults, accept comfort, no separation anxiety 

Show stranger & separation anxiety, Primary attachment figure 

Month after specific attachment begins to form attachment to familiar people- secondary attachment 

Mothers reports, less sensitive mothers may not report all infants protests, systematic bias, low validity 

1960 WC sample, may not apply to other social groups in modern society, Stay home fathers  

Bowlby-monotropy, secondary attachments-safety net, Rutter argues all attachments are equivalent  

 Stage model- only individualistic cultures? Sagi et al- Kibbutz&Family sleeping arrangements.Attachment with mothers twice as common than communal care of the kibbutz . Collectivist cultures multiple attachments common

 single gained before multiple, stage theory- seen normal, multiple attachments may come 1st in different cultures- seen as abnormal