FORCES IN EARTH'S CRUST

STRESS

TENSION

COMPRESSION

SHEARING

FAULTS

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NORMAL FAULT

• cuts through rock at an angle
• rock on top called hanging wall
• rock on bottom called foot wall
• hanging wall slips down

REVERSE FAULT

• same structure as normal fault
• hanging wall moves up

STRIKE-SLIP FAULT

• rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other
• form at transform boundaries

PLATE MOVEMENTS

FOLDING EARTH'S CRUST

• folds form when compression shortens & thickens Earth's crust
• folded mountains form when 2 plates collide & cause compression, folding crust over a wider area

ANTICLINES & SYNCLINES

• compression causes folds in the crust
• anticline: arch up
• syncline: dip down

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FAULT BLOCK MOUNTAINS

• formed by movement of large crustal blocks when forces in Earth's crust pull apart
• some parts of Earth are pushed upward and others collapse

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UPLIFTING EARTH'S CRUST

• plateaus can be uplifted
• some plateaus form when forces in Earth's crust push up a large, flat block of rock