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Science

Published on Nov 18, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1.

WHAT IS A PLANT

  • Nearly all plants are autotrophs, organisms that produce their own food.
  • All plants are eukaryotes that contain many cells.
  • In addition, all plant cells are surrounded by cell walls.
Photo by WilliamMarlow
2.

PLANT ADAPTATIONS FOR LAND

  • For plants to survive on Chloroplast Cell membrane Plant cells
  • Nucleus A Single cell land, they must have ways to obtain water
  • and other nutrients from their surroundings, retain water, transport
  • materials in their bodies, support their bodies, and reproduce.
3.

NONVASCULAR PLANTS

  • Nonvascular plants are plants without a vascular system.
  • There are three major groups of nonvascular plants
  • mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.These low-growing plants
  • live in moist areas where they can absorb water and
  • and other nutrients directly from their environment.
4.

MOSSES

  • Moss grow on tree trunks, and in other damp, shady spots.
  • The familiar green, fuzzy moss is a gametophyte generation of the
  • plant.The sporophyte generation grows out of the gametophyte.
5.

LIVERWORTS

  • Liverworts are often found growing as a thick crust
  • on moist rocks or soil along the sides of a stream.
  • This group of plants is named for the shape of the
  • of the plant’s leaflike gametophyte.
6.

HORNWORTS

  • Hornworts usually live in moist soil, often
  • mixed in with grass plants. These hornlike
  • structures are the sporophytes.
7.

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

  • Seedless vascular plants Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails
  • have true vascular tissue, and they do not produce seeds.
  • Instead of seeds, these plants reproduce by releasing spores.
8.

FERNS

  • The roots anchor the fern to the ground and
  • absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
  • The stems of most ferns are underground.
9.

HORSETAILS

  • Horsetails are jointed. Long,
  • coarse, needle-like branches
  • grow in a circle around each joint.
10.

CLUB MOSSES

  • Club mosses have vascular tissue.
  • The plant, which looks a little like the
  • small branch of a pine tree, is sometimes
  • called ground pine or princess pine.
11.

SEED PLANTS

  • Seed plants share two important characteristics.
  • They have vascular tissue, and they use pollen
  • and seeds to reproduce.
12.

Vascular Tissue

  • The thick walls of the cells in the vascular tissue help support the plants.
  • Phloem is the vascular tissue through which food moves
  • Xylem is water and minerals, travel in the vascular tissue
13.

SEED AND POLLEN

  • Seed plants produce pollen, tiny structures that
  • contain the cells that will later become sperm cells.
  • A seed is a structure that contains
  • a young plant inside a protective covering.
14.

SEED STRUCTURE

  • A seed has three main parts, an embryo, stored food, and a seed coat.
  • The embryo already has the beginnings of roots, stems, and leaves.
  • When the embryo begins to grow again, it uses the food stored
  • in the seed until it can make its own food by photosynthesis.
  • Embryo stops growing when it is quite small.
15.

Seed Dispersal

  • The seeds inside the fruits pass through the animal’s
  • digestive system and are deposited in new areas.
  • barb-like structures that hook onto an animal’s fur or
  • a person’s clothes. The seed falls off and goes to a
  • new area.
16.

Germination

  • After a seed is dispersed for a while before it germinates.
  • Germination occurs when the embryo begins to grow again.
  • Germination begins when the seed absorbs water
  • from the environment.
  • Then the embryo uses its stored food to begin to grow.
17.

ROOTS

  • Roots anchor a plant in the ground, absorb water
  • minerals from the soil, and sometimes store food.
  • The root cap protects the roots, and behind the
  • roots there are cells.
18.

STEMS

  • The stem carries substances between the plant’s roots and leaves.
  • The stem also provides support for the plant and holds
  • and up the leaves so they are exposed to the sun.
19.

LEAVES

  • Leaves capture the sun’s energy and carry out the
  • food-making process of photosynthesis.
  • The process by which water evaporates from a
  • plant’s leaves is called transpiration.
20.

Gymnosperms

  • Every gymnosperm produces naked seeds.
  • In addition, many gymnosperms have
  • needle-like or scalelike leaves,
  • and deep-growing root systems.
21.

EXAMPLES OF GYMNOSPERMS

  • Cycads, conifers, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes are all examples of gymnosperm.
  • Cycads look like palm trees, the cones are as big as a foot ball.
  • Conifers always stay green and when a needle falls of it's replaced with new one.
  • Ginkgoes are on the side of the streets because they can tolerate air pollution.
  • Gnetophytes are trees, some are shrubs, and others are vines.
22.

ANGIOSPERMS

  • Angiosperms produce flower
  • and contrast to gymnosperms,
  • which produce uncovered
  • seeds.
23.

EXAMPLES OF ANGIONSPERMS

  • Monocots and dicots are examples of angiosperms.
  • Monocots are grasses, corn, wheat, and rice, they usually have three petals.
  • Dicots are roses, violets, and dandelions they have either four or five petals.
24.

MONOCOT VS. DICOT

  • Monocots are grasses, corn, wheat, and rice, they usually have three petals.
  • Dicots are roses, violets, and dandelions they have either four or five petals.
25.

TOUCH

  • Touch Thigmo- means touch.
  • The stems of many vines such
  • as grapes, show a positive
  • thigmotropism.
26.

LIGHT

  • All plants respond to light is
  • called phototropism. The leaves,
  • stems, and flowers of plants grow
  • toward light, showing a positive
  • phototropism.
27.

GRAVITY

  • Plants also respond to gravity.
  • This response is called gravitropism.
  • Stems, on the other hand, show negative gravitropism

Elena Cortez